The prevalence of thyroid disease in diabetic patients is significantly higher than in general population. Apart from autoimmune etiology linked to the higher prevalence of thyroid disease in DM, it has also been observed that thyroid function is intrinsically linked to insulin resistance. It has also been stated that common factors simultaneously are responsible for increased TSH levels and insulin resistance. Method of collection of data was done by taking detailed clinical history regarding diabetes mellitus (onset, duration), any history of long term illness, any previous thyroid dysfunction, previous history of any kind of drug therapy, whether the patient was on insulin or oral hypoglycemic drugs was sought. It is seen that out of 110 diabetic patients, 16 (14.55%) patients had subclinical hypothyroidism, 7 (6.36%) patients had overt hypothyroidism, 3(2.73%) patients had overt hyperthyroidism and 84(76.36%) patients were in euthyroid group.
Diabetic patients have a higher prevalence of thyroid disorders compared with the normal population. Because patients with one organ-specific autoimmune disease are at risk of developing other autoimmune disorders, and thyroid disorders are more common in females, it is not surprising that up to 30% of female type1 diabetic patients have thyroid disease. A thorough clinical examination including vitals, general physical examination, systemic examination and investigations was carried out. Biochemical investigations were carried out using proper aseptic precautions for collecting blood. It is seen that, in the present study patients were divided into 2 groups based on duration of diabetes. There were 52 diabetic patients in ≤3 months group, of which 40 patients were euthyroids and 12 patients had thyroid dysfunction. There were 58 diabetic patients in ≥3 months group, of which 44 patients were euthyroids and 14 patients had thyroid dysfunction. However there was no statistically significant difference between these two groups.(p value was 1.00).
In 2010, the prevalence of DM in the United Sates was estimated to be 0.2% in individuals aged <20 years and 11.3% in individuals aged >20 years. In individuals aged >65 years, the prevalence of DM was 26.9%. The prevalence is similar in men and women throughout most age ranges (11.8% and 10.8%, respectively, in individuals aged >20 years). Patients were examined for presence of diabetes mellitus according to ADA criteria for diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. All diabetic patients were then subjected to estimation of BMI, HbA1C, Serum cholesterol, Serum triglyceride, HDL, VLDL and LDL levels. Then all the patients were evaluated for thyroid dysfunction by testing thyroid profile (T3, T4, TSH and anti TPO Ab). Among 110 diabetes patients in the present study, 33 patients had microvascular complications, of which 8 patients had thyroid dysfunction. There was no significant association present between these two groups (p value was 1.00).
Magnesium deficiency has been found to be associated with microvascular disease in diabetes. Hypomagnesemia has been demonstrated in patients with diabetic retinopathy, lower levels of magnesium predicting a greater risk for diabetic retinopathy. In this, Hospital based Observational Study, 106 newly diagnosed Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients who had attended Diabetic clinic, Medicine OPD and were admitted in Medicine ward, were selected as per the inclusion and exclusion criteria for the study. The data for the purpose of study were collected in a predesigned Proforma. The mean HbA1c among cases was (8.43 ± 1.71). Controlled diabetes were grouped under HbA1c level < 7.There were 16 patients who have their HbA1c level in controlled range with mean serum magnesium level 2.17 ± 0.09 mg/dl. There were 90 patients in uncontrolled group with mean serum magnesium level 1.86 ± 0.17 mg/dl. (p< .001).
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