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Water shortage and heat are the most devastating abiotic stresses threating global food security. To understand the behavior of germplasm under both abiotic stresses, thirteen rice genotypes were selected for the study to make evaluation under water shortage and heat stress condition. The results showed that the year mean squares were significant and highly significant for all agronomical traits except, flag leaf area, number of tillers plant-1, number of panicles plant-1, 100 grain weight, grain yield plant-1 and harvest index indicated overall wide differences of weather during both years. Environments mean squares were found to be highly significant over all traits were used, indicating that all environments showed significant differences. The highly significant differences were observed among genotypes and G x E interaction for all characteristics except, panicle length. Concerning the cultivars performance across three environments, the cultivars Giza 178, Giza 179, Sakha 107, Hybrid 1, Hybrid 2 gave the best desirable values over normal, drought and heat stress conditions so, these cultivars are considered to play vital role in breeding program to enhancement for drought and heat stresses and have high yield potential. The highly significant and positive correlation were found among the all traits under investigation except with flag leaf angle, leaf rolling and sterility percentage. The results will further help to utilize the genotypes for further crop improvement breeding programs.

This article provides a bibliography discussing the significance of Jatropha as a biofuel crop around the world. In the family Euphorbiaceae, the genus Jatropha contains about 170 species of shrubs and trees (some of which are deciduous, such as Jatropha Curcas L.). It’s a perennial that can withstand dry conditions, grows well in soil with low fertility, and yields a lot of oil per plot. Plants produce seeds for up to 50 years and grow rapidly. Due to its many advantages, jatropha has attracted attention as a potentially useful tropical plant in the expansion of renewable energy sources. It has more real and intangible environmental advantages than any other competition, and it deserves to be recognized as such. In comparison to other biodiesel feedstocks, jatropha produces more oil for its price, and it has excellent fuel characteristics. It’s a source of energy rather than food because it comes from an oilseed that isn’t edible. If you’re looking for a cleaner alternative to diesel, consider jatropha, which may be utilized in diesel engines without sacrificing performance. Additionally, jatropha has a major impact on the quality of life in rural areas. According to some estimates, the plant might give a weight-based oil production of up to 40% per seed. This article explores the environmental and economic significance of the Jatropha tree, as well as the characteristics of its seeds in relation to oil production and the possibility of using it as an environmentally friendly biofuel, as well as its methods of propagation, requirements for its growth, and what it needs from developmental processes in cultivation.

This study was conducted on the seeds of Pinus eldarica during the period from February 2020 to September 2021 to find out the effect of cold stratification at (⁰4C) for (60 days) and different concentrations of gibberellic acid (0, 200,400 mg. L-1) in the traits of the vegetative and root growing seedlings. The results showed the superiority of the stratified seeds for the characteristics (seedling height, stem diameter, number of branches, number of leaves, root length, dry weight of the vegetative growth, dry weight of the root system). The results of dipping in gibberellic acid showed a superior concentration (400 mg.L-1) for traits (seedlings  height, leaves number, length of the main root, dry weight of the shoot, dry weight of the root system). The concentration of 200 mg.L-1 for the two traits (stem diametet, branches number) was superior. The results of the binary interaction of stratification and gibberellic acid showed superiority of the stratified seeds with two concentrations (400 mg.L-1 and 200 mg.L-1) for traits (seedling height, eaves number, length of main root, dry weight of shoot, dry weight of root) and (Stems diameter Branches number) respectively.