Background: The inclusion of individuals with intellectual disabilities into the labour market is a challenge in advanced societies, with only a very reduced percentage of these individuals being able to access the free labour market. Whilst some progress has recently been made, there is still a need to further explore the different conditioning factors. Method: A total of 125 users belonging to the three employment modalities of Occupational Workshops (OW), Occupational Centers (OC) and Supported Employment (SE), participated in this study. Differences between modalities were determined for employability, quality of life, and body composition. Results: Employability skills were higher for SE compared to OW and OC; the index of quality of life was higher for OC and SE groups compared to OW; no differences were found in body composition between groups. Conclusions: The quality-of-life index was higher for participants performing remunerated employment modalities and employment skills increased when work was more inclusive.
Background:The main objective of this study was to compare the physical condition of people with intellectual disabilities living in residential homes (RH; restricted residential environment) versus independent homes (IH; family houses while performing paid work). The effect of gender on physical condition was also evaluated separately for each group.Method: Sixty individuals with mild to moderate intellectual disability, 30 living in RH and 30 living in IH, participated in this study. The RH and IH groups were homogeneous in terms of gender distribution (17 males and 13 females) and intellectual disability level. Body composition, postural balance, and static and dynamic force were considered as dependent variables. Results:The IH group performed better in the postural balance and dynamic force tests compared to the RH group, but no significant differences between the groups were observed for any body composition or static force variable. Women in both groups tended to have better postural balance than men, while men presented higher dynamic force. Conclusions:The IH group presented a higher physical fitness compared to RH group. This result emphasises the need to increase the frequency and intensity of the physical activity sessions commonly programed for individuals living in RH.
El propósito de este estudio ha sido comprobar el efecto del confinamiento COVID-19 durante 17 semanas sobre el grado actividad física y la composición corporal de las personas residentes con discapacidad intelectual. Se ha utilizado un diseño intragrupo de medidas repetidas pre y post confinamiento. Han participado 42 personas adultas con diferentes grados de discapacidad intelectual. Para evaluar el grado de actividad física se ha utilizado el Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) y para el análisis de composición corporal la bioimpedancia eléctrica (InBody-230). Los resultados indican que durante el confinamiento ha existido una reducción media del 89 % en todos los valores de actividad física y un incremento del 28 % de los hábitos sedentarios (p<0.001). Se ha producido una pérdida generalizada de masa muscular (2.5 %; p<0.01), lo que podría interpretarse como una sarcopenia temporal forzada. Como conclusión, se pone de manifiesto la importancia de los programas de actividad física en este colectivo.
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