Antimony trisulfide (Sb2Se3), a non-toxic and accessible substance, has possibilities as a material for use in solar cells. The current study numerically analyses Sb2Se3 solar cells through the program Solar Cell Capacitance Simulator (SCAPS). A detailed simulation and analysis of the influence of the Sb2Se3 layer’s thickness, defect density, band gap, energy level, and carrier concentration on the devices’ performance are carried out. The results indicate that a good device performance is guaranteed with the following values in the Sb2Se3 layer: an 800 optimal thickness for the Sb2Se3 absorber; less than 1015 cm−3 for the absorber defect density; a 1.2 eV optimum band gap; a 0.1 eV energy level (above the valence band); and a 1014 cm−3 carrier concentration. The highest efficiency of 30% can be attained following optimization of diverse parameters. The simulation outcomes offer beneficial insights and directions for designing and engineering Sb2Se3 solar cells.
The structural and optical characteristics of Nickel oxide thin films (NiOTF) formed on the soda-lime glass substrate (SLG) under vacuum and non-vacuum conditions are investigated in this work. The difference between RFMS (Radio Frequency Magnetron Sputtering; vacuum) and SP (spray pyrolysis; non-vacuum) was helpful in the development of NiOTF. Deposited films data for this study were characterized by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), scanning probe microscopy (SPM), and optical spectrophotometer. Structural studies disclosed that NiOTF developed via RFMS technique was more uniform with large crystals and lower surface roughness in contrast to that of developed via SP technique. Transmittance spectrum divulged that the transmittance of spray pyrolyzed NiO films are ~10% less than that of ones produced by RFMS. Urbach energy analysis of NiOTF developed by RFMS and SP affirmed the findings of structural studies.
Of late, ZnO nanoparticles have been regarded as favourable material for designing highly sensitive and selective gas sensors owing to their striking and multifunctional features. A facile sol–gel process chemical technique was used in this study for the preparation of undoped ZnO nanoparticles. By deploying x-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV–visible near infrared and photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL), we examined the optical attributes and structural characterisation of the undoped ZnO nanoparticles through a change in the concentration of the KOH solution. The typical peaks inspected in the XRD spectrum corroborate the wurtzite hexagonal arrangement in the undoped ZnO nanoparticles. Moreover, ZnO nanoparticles possess a non-agglomerated crystalline with spherical morphology, as acquired by TEM. In addition, the vibrational modes in FTIR spectra vary with the change of concentration of KOH solution in ZnO NPs. The Raman spectroscopic techniques were used to characterise the ZnO nanoparticles, which revealed their nanocrystalline nature.
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