Campus recreational sports programs are designed to provide an on-campus leisure opportunity for college students, hopefully enhancing their quality of collegiate life. Yet, not all students choose to participate, much to the chagrin of recreational sports professionals and school administrators. The purpose of this study was to investigate how perceived constraints on intrapersonal, interpersonal, and structural levels influenced the participation of college students in recreational sports activities on an urban, commuter campus and a residential, rural campus. The sample of subjects consisted of 416 students who considered themselves nonparticipants in campus recreational sports. The results indicated that lack of time because of work, school or family, and not knowing the available activities were the two most strongly perceived constraints. Further investigation on differences in perceived constraints was conducted with respect to subjects' age, gender and place of residence.
Background Auditory hallucinations (AH) are a cardinal feature of schizophrenia spectrum disorders. They are not disease specific, however, and can occur in other conditions, including affective psychoses. Methods In this descriptive, cross-sectional study, we examined AH in relation to other psychotic symptoms, mood symptoms, illness severity, and functional status in 569 patients with psychosis (n=172 schizophrenia, n=153 schizoaffective disorder, n=244 bipolar disorder with psychotic features). Results 323 (56.7%) patients reported a lifetime history of AH (75.6% of patients with schizophrenia, 71.9% schizoaffective disorder, and 34.0% bipolar disorder). The mean score for the hallucinations item (P3) of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) in the AH group was 3.66 ± 1.79, indicating mild to moderate state hallucinations severity. AH were strongly associated with hallucinations in other sensory modalities and with the first-rank symptoms of delusions of control, thought insertion, and thought broadcasting. Multivariate analysis showed that AH were associated with lower education even after controlling for diagnosis, age, and gender. There was no association between AH and functional status as measured by the Multnomah Community Ability Scale (MCAS). Conclusions AH are associated with specific clinical features across the continuum of both schizophrenic and affective psychoses independent of DSM-IV diagnosis.
Despite the fact that significant investment has been made to install automated pedestrian movement systems within airport terminals, little is known about their effects on airport pedestrian flows. Specifically, while walking speeds of pedestrians have been studied in general, such analysis specific to airport passengers has been lacking. New insight into the walking speeds of airport pedestrians is provided. Corridors with and without moving walkways, the most common of airport automated pedestrian movement systems, are considered. Pedestrian movements in various airport terminal corridors are empirically observed, and observed walking speeds are compared with those of research performed in other transportation terminals. Furthermore, the effects on walking speeds of observable characteristics of pedestrians and the surrounding environment are investigated. The effect of moving walkways on pedestrian walking speeds is examined. A methodology for estimating the travel time of pedestrians on moving walkways under various traffic-flow conditions is derived. Application of the methodology using empirically collected data reveals interesting results about the movement of pedestrians through corridors with moving walkways. The analysis presented may be used to estimate expected travel times in airport corridors, and to examine the effects of potential infrastructure investments on such times. The goal of such an analysis is to improve the quality of service at the airport terminal, particularly for the pedestrians who traverse its corridors.
Evidence is unequivocal: the premature death of people with severe mental health problems is attributable primarily to cardiovascular disease, and healthcare provided is often suboptimal. With the overarching aim of improving outcomes, policies and guidelines oblige mental health services and psychiatrists to monitor cardio-metabolic health of patients and intervene as appropriate. Practice is highly variable; however, with ongoing debate about resourcing and responsibilities dominated by clinicians who have identified disinterest among patients as influencing practice. Seeking to balance discussion, we posed the question 'what do patients experience and expect of mental health services in relation to their physical health?' To answer it, we interviewed a convenience sample of 40 service users recruited from a mental health service in Australia, early in 2015. Data were analysed using the framework approach. With few regarding themselves as healthy, participants were commonly concerned about side effects of medication, weight and fitness but rarely mentioned tobacco smoking. Participants' accounts reinforce extensive research demonstrating variability in attention to physical health in mental health services. Reports by some participants of comprehensive care are encouraging, but widespread uncertainty about reasons for various assessments and denial of requests for management of medication side effects, including weight gain, gives cause for concern. Although participants in this study wanted to improve their health and health-related quality of life, they acknowledged that their motivation and ability to do so fluctuated with mental health. They expected clinicians to work proactively, especially when symptoms compromised capacity for self-care, and mental health services to provide or enable access to health-promoting interventions. Attention should be given, as a matter of priority, to creating conditions (culture and infrastructure) needed to support sustained attention to physical health within services and, importantly, to full engagement of service users in management of their physical health.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.