A rapid, transparent review is needed before a second wave

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FOREWORDDuring the Internzational G;eophysical Year (IGY), the 4uartenfmster Research and Engineering Center (now the U.S. Army Natick Laborec~ories) conducted the micrometeorological programs at Little America V ýn 1957and at the Gouto Pole in 19ý58. These programs were part of the Unrited States National Committee-IGY glaciology program. The Obecryation~s at the South Pol~e, made by Dr. Paul C. Dalrymple, were publ!:.heed in 1961; thieir analysis was published in 1963. The present report smna2.yn.ea his observ-.:ions at Little America V, and the data are appv!,Ied in the form of tab) es of hourly raw data and means. The analysis bas been directed tow~rd determining the energy exchanges at the snov-air interface at Little America V. The exchanges hav'e been computed by a syatematic ana~lysis of all available Little America V micrometeorological data. Additional climati~c analysib of a less specialized character is included as background for the micrometeorological observations. Since the field program was discontinued in 1957, this stu~dy contains the analysis of the whole body of data obtained in the -ýuarterzaster mic-omtnteorological program at Little America V.The study of the eavironmeat ýnr t~he Antazctic at Little America V and at the South Pole has provided vital data fa~d infTormat ion on two contrasting clizates from the least.-kxnvn coti~neti. on earth. The knowledge gained has been added t,) allied studios in mic~vmeteorology which have been made at various si..es in the Mcrthern HemIsphere. information obtained from such atttyiies can be appi..ed to other polar regions. Little America V lies in the same lat~tudje as Northern GreenlaFnd and the northern Bislands of the Canadian Archipelago. Little America V was perhaps a better place than anywhere in the Arctitc to initiate such micrometeorolo,3ical research, as it is locate.' oc t~he world's largest floating ice 6tlCf where local terr*An featureet arn simplified compared to arctic sites. Hovever, the strong mariae-continer.1al effects complicated the analyses and indicated 11.ov complex nature can be in a coastal polar environment. These studics daave provided zu-cn needed information on the lower layer of the atu~sphere. At the same 'rime, they have made a substantial addition to basic research and constitute a valuable contribution by Departmaent of Army scientists to thie whole scientific -ommi~ity. 10Little America V -R-ichardscn number, Ri, versus height, z + D, 2? for indicated bulk Richardson number, Ri'. 13Little America V -Wind profile curvature. &. , versus height, 14 Little America V -monthly mean subsurface temperatures. 2. 15Little America V - Tautochrones, 1957-58. 16 Snow temperature -amplitude versus phase angle. 17Snow temperature -amplitude and phase angle versus depth. The win-r lacks a distin--ter ,rnture mini•ur., and mid-winter reversals of temperature trend occ,;.Micrýx.,eteorological wind and temperature pro::Les in the lowest 0 r. Uf the atmosphere were recorded at Little America V in 1357, and hoarly means of tem-pe...

Sarah Wollaston explains the health concerns that led her to change her mind on Britain leaving the EU

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