Quien ve un pueblo, señor don Frutos, ve una nación entera. (Don román)
AbstractBy the late 1870s in Spain the political upheavals had diminished, allowing for a relative calm within official circles of the state. However, the effects of continual political conflict and rapidly expanding modernization had significantly altered the socio-cultural foundation of many communities throughout the nation. The novelists who first confronted this transformational period portrayed the response of microcosmic societies to the rapidly shifting identity boundaries. in José María de Pereda's 1879 novel, Don Gonzalo González de la Gonzalera, the rapid socio-cultural changes result in an increase of internal violence among the members of the community. This analysis explores these violent consequences as the outcome of a community's ritual failure and sacred violation of its constructed boundaries.Resumen al entrar en la última parte de la década de los 70 en españa, la época tumultuosa anterior se había disminuido significativamente permitiendo un período de paz política en el Estado. Sin embargo, las consecuencias de los conflictos políticos al lado de la expansión rápida de la modernización habían alterado drásticamente las normas socio-culturales de muchas comunidades en la nación. Los novelistas que confrontaron este momento de transformación representaron el proceso en las sociedades micro-cósmicas en sus novelas a lo largo de esa década. En la novela de 1879 de José María de Pereda, Don Gonzalo González de la Gonzalera, estos cambios socio-culturales resultaron en un aumento de violencia interna entre los miembros de las comunidades rurales. Este análisis explora las consecuencias violentas del fracaso ritual y la violación de las fronteras establecidas.
In nineteenth-century Spain, Anthropology arose as a means to study the social and cultural aspects of humankind in an empirical manner. However, the anthropological evaluation of distinct internal national cultures opened a dangerous path for politically motivated ideologies to establish a cultural hierarchy in which particular communities were considered less-developed. The urban liberals justified the intervention by the centralized government in the rural peripheral cultures in order to usurp control over these perceived underdeveloped areas. In both Benito Pérez Galdós' Don˜a Perfecta and José María de Pereda's De Tal Palo, Tal Astilla, the effects of Anthropology on the urban-rural dynamics are played out as the liberal, urban protagonists engage the rural communities in a manner that simulates a colonial encounter; the dominant culture dismisses the extant beliefs and customs, thus allowing for political and economic usurpation of the perceived underdeveloped community. In each novel, the rural inhabitants react violently to the liberal protagonists' encroachment indicating a growing awareness of the failure of the liberal faction's nationalization agenda.
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