This work evaluates the enzymatic production of hydrolases and oxireductases by endophytic fungi isolated from leaves of the caesarweed (Urena lobata L.), which is a perennial plant that is well adapted to the Amazon floodplains region, being and is widely used in the production of hessian sacks and other products of natural fiber. Fungi strains Fusarium sp. (1290) and Corynespora sp. (1291) were reactivated, and had their DNA extracted and sequenced to obtain molecular identification. For enzymatic production, dried and ground caesarweed was used as a substrate in the mineral salt solutions Manachini and GLBN 40 over during 10 days of submerged cultivation (CS) under agitation. The CA was vacuum filtered daily with a 0.22 µm Millipore membrane to obtain enzymatic extracts, from which the activities of FPase, xylanase, CMCase, β-glycosidase, pectinase, laccase, manganese peroxidase (MnP) and lignin peroxidase (LiP) were evaluated. Lines strains 1290 and 1291 were identified as F. pseudocircinatum and C. torulosa, respectively, the latter being the best producer of laccase (8,691 U/L), MnP (5,353 U/L), β-glycosidase (0.328 U/mL) and CMCase (0.351 U/mL) and the fungus F. pseudocircinatum was the best producer of FPase (1.294 U/mL), xylanase (12.052 U/mL) and pectinase (0.183 U/mL). No LiP activity was detected for either of the strains. The results showed that the strains used are promising for the production of seven of the eight quantified enzymes, and these enzymes are of interest to several industrial sectors.

Kalanchoe pinnata formerly known as Bryophyllum pinnatum , is a herbaceous species native to tropical regions such as Africa. In Brazil, it was successfully introduced and propagated, being commonly used in communities far from large capitals. The juice of the leaves is usually used in the treatment of inflammatory diseases, gastric ulcers, burns, diarrhea , vomiting, insect bites and body aches. In the literature, compounds such as anthocyanins and flavonoids are reported that have different biological activities such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, cytotoxic, antitumor, antiparasitic, antiallergic and hepatoprotective . Based on this information and considering that there are few studies on the chemical compounds of K. pinnata in Amazonas , especially in regions farther from the capital, such as in the municipality of Tabatinga. The present work aimed to determine the chemical profile of the fractions of the crude extract of K. pinnata native to the municipality of Tabatinga - AM. For this, plant material was collected from a local producer in the municipality of Tabatinga. Then the leaves were subjected to an extraction by infusion. Soon after, the crude extract obtained was fractionated with hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate. The resulting fractions were analyzed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) at wavelength λ=254 nm and, using the information available in the literature, it was possible to establish a relationship between the compound quercetin 3- O -α-L- arabinopyranosyl - (1→2)-α-L- rhamnopyranoside , as responsible for the chromatographic peaks observed in the hexane, chloroform, and ethyl acetate fractions. Thus, the present study will serve as a basis for future work on the characterization of chemical compounds present in K. pinnata from the municipality of Tabatinga.

Medicinal plants are natural products used since ancient times, and the knowledge regarding their properties and use is transferred from one generation to the next. Many people continue to consume this natural product, which has made this means of treatment relevant in the eyes of researchers. The search for this learning using the collection of information as a source is increasingly growing, thus allowing to study their properties, their therapeutic powers, and active principles. For this reason, this work aimed to collect, analyze and record information about the level of knowledge of the population about pre-established medicinal plants, their origin, the form of use and the pharmacological effects of these species cultivated in the municipality of Tefé-Amazonas, Brazil. The collection of information took place through an interview, which contained questions regarding the plants: pobre-velho (Costus spicatus), escada de jabuti (Bauhinia rutilans), mucuracaá (Petiveira alliacea), sucuuba (Himatantuhs sucuuba) and panquelé (Piper amapens). The data collected had satisfactory results where it was observed that a large part of the population knows and makes use of the plants mentioned and often the same plant is used for different pathologies. Another relevant point is that some plants are known with different names, and many people did not recognize them by the names mentioned, which made the answers of the interviews inaccurate at times, however, did not compromise the results. Therefore, the knowledge of the population has great relevance for the enrichment of knowledge about natural products, where many scholars are able to discover and develop products that are essential for curing, treating or preventing diseases that are often referred to as irremediable.

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As bactérias são grupos de microrganismos que vivem de maneira independente ou em comunidade. São encontrados em diversos tipos de ecossistemas, e constituem o grupo mais numeroso e importante, pois degradam determinados substratos gerando compostos de elevado valor comercial, entre esses substratos, as enzimas como a lipase, amilase e protease, entre outras, são utilizadas em vários processos industriais. As bactérias são consideradas uma fonte atrativa na produção de protease, devido a possibilidade de cultivo em processos fermentativos com tempo reduzido e volumes elevados. O objetivo do presente estudofoi isolar bactériasprodutoras de enzimas proteolíticase avaliar o seu potencial enzimático. Para isto, foram analisadas amostras de solo coletadas do município de Iranduba, localizado no Estado do Amazonas. Dos microrganismos obtidos, foram selecionadas duas bactérias, que foram cultivadas em meio ágar gelatina leite para determinação da atividade proteolítica. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, a determinação da atividade se deu pela formação de halos de degradação em volta das colônias, os quais foram medidos, analisados e representados conforme a classificação de atividade proteolítica.A formação desses halos foi sinônimo de que houve atividade proteolítica, onde as bactérias isoladas produziram enzimas com poder de degradação em relação a proteína presente no leite utilizado no meio de cultura.

Os fungos são utilizados em processos fermentativos para obtenção de diferentes biocompostos. Espécies de Penicillium vêm se destacando por serem fontes de biocatalisadores e compostos antimicrobianos de interesse industrial. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a produção de enzimas e antimicrobianos por três espécies de Penicillium pertencentes ao acervo da Coleção de Fungos da Amazônia, do Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane. A autenticação das culturas de P. citrinum CFAM 47, P. oxalicum CFAM 1311 e P. purpurogenum CFAM214 foi feita com base nas características macro e micromorfológicas. A avaliação da síntese de amilase, celulase e protease foi realizada em meio de cultivo sólido. Os halos de degradação foram medidos com régua graduada e os resultados expressos em milímetros. A atividade enzimática foi determinada pelo índice de atividade enzimática (IAE). Para avaliação da síntese de antimicrobianos, os fungos foram cultivados nos seguintes meios líquidos: batata dextrose (BDL), extrato de levedura sacarose (YES), International Streptomyces Project 2 (ISP2) e Sabouraud (SB). O bioprocesso foi conduzido a 28 ºC por 15 dias, em condições estacionárias. Os extratos obtidos do cultivo submerso foram testados contra leveduras (Candida albicans e Candida tropicalis), bactérias Gram-positivas (Enterococcus faecalis e Staphylococcus aureus) e Gram-negativas (Escherichia coli e Pseudomonas aeruginosa). Penicillium purpurogenum CFAM214 foi o produtor significativo de amilase (54,30 mm). As três espécies sintetizaram proteases, sem diferença significativa entre os tamanhos dos halos de hidrólise. Nas condições avaliadas, as espécies de Penicillium não produziram celulases. Penicillium citrinum CFAM 47 apresentou IAE (1,24) significativo para amilase. Em relação à atividade proteolítica, não foi observada diferença significativa entre os IAE. O extrato de P. purpurogenum CFAM214 apresentou atividade contra C. albicans, C. tropicalis e E. feacalis. Penicillium citrinum CFAM 47 cultivado em SB e P. oxalicum CFAM 1311 mantido em ISP2 e YES também demostraram ação contra C. tropicalis. Não foi observada atividade dos extratos frente a E. coli e P. aeruginosa. Logo, verifica-se que as espécies de Penicillium avaliadas demonstram ser fontes renováveis de enzimas e compostos antimicrobianos com potencial aplicabilidade industrial.

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