Background: Hyperuricemia is common in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and is known to cause gout. Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors prevent glucose reabsorption and lower serum uric acid levels.Objective: To compare the rate of gout between adults prescribed an SGLT2 inhibitor and those prescribed a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP1) receptor agonist.

Objective Cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk is elevated in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and diabetes mellitus (DM), but whether risk of CVD in patients with SLE is as high as in those with DM is unknown. The present study was undertaken to compare CVD risks between patients with SLE and DM and general population US Medicaid recipients. Methods In a cohort study, we identified age‐ and sex‐matched adults (1:2:4) with SLE or DM and those from the general population using Medicaid Analytic eXtract, 2007–2010. We collected data on baseline sociodemographic factors, comorbidities, and medications. We used Cox regression models to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) of hospitalized nonfatal CVD events (combined myocardial infarction [MI] and stroke) and MI and stroke separately, accounting for competing risk of death and adjusting for covariates. We compared risks in age‐stratified models. Results We identified 40,212 SLE patients, 80,424 DM patients, and 160,848 general population patients; 92.5% were female, and the mean ± SD age was 40.3 ± 12.1 years. Nonfatal CVD incidence rate per 1,000 person‐years was 8.99 for patients with SLE, 7.07 for those with DM, and 2.36 for the general population. Nonfatal CVD risk was higher in SLE compared to DM (HR 1.27 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.15–1.40]), driven by excess risk at ages 18–39 years (HR 2.22 [95% CI 1.81–2.71]). Patients with SLE had higher risk of CVD compared to the general population (HR 2.67 [95% CI 2.38–2.99]). Conclusion SLE patients had a 27% higher risk of nonfatal CVD events compared to age‐ and sex‐matched patients with DM and more than twice the risk of the Medicaid general population. The highest relative risk occurred at ages 18–39 years. These high risks merit aggressive evaluation for modifiable factors and research to identify prevention strategies.

Objective-We aimed to evaluate the comparative risk of hospitalized infection among patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who initiated abatacept versus a TNF inhibitor (TNFi).Methods-We identified RA patients aged ≥18 years with ≥2 RA diagnoses who initiated abatacept or a TNFi using claims data from Truven MarketScan database (2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011)(2012)(2013)(2014)(2015). The primary outcome was a composite endpoint of any hospitalized infection. Secondary outcomes were bacterial infection, herpes zoster, and infections affecting different organ systems. We performed 1:1 propensity score (PS) matching between the groups to control for baseline confounders. We estimated incidence rates (IR) and hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for hospitalized infection.Results-We identified 11,248 PS-matched pairs of abatacept and TNFi initiators with median age of 56 years, and 83% female sex. The IR per 1,000 person-years for any hospitalized infection was 37 among abatacept initiators and 47 in TNFi initiators. The HR for the risk of any hospitalized infection associated with abatacept versus TNFi was 0.78 (95% CI 0.64-0.95) and remained lower when compared to infliximab (HR 0.63, 95% CI 0.47-0.85), while no significant difference was seen compared with adalimumab and etanercept. The risk of secondary outcomes was lower for abatacept for pulmonary infections, and similar to TNFi for the remaining outcomes.