IntroductionPeople with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) have a distinctive behavioral phenotype that includes intellectual disability, compulsivity, inattention, inflexibility and insistence on sameness. Inflexibility and inattention are at odds with the cognitive flexibility and attention to social cues needed to accurately perceive the social world, and implicate problems in social cognition. This study assessed two social cognition domains in people with PWS; emotion recognition and social perception. We identified changes in social cognition over an approximate two-year time period (M = 2.23 years), relative strengths and weakness in social cognition, and correlates and predictors of social cognition.MethodsEmotion recognition and social perception were examined at two time points in 94 individuals with PWS aged 5 to 62 years (M = 13.81, SD = 10.69). Tasks administered included: standardized IQ testing; parent-completed measures of inattention and inflexibility; standard emotion recognition photos (fear, sadness, anger, happy); and videotaped social perception vignettes depicting negative events with either sincere/benign or insincere/hostile interactions between peers.ResultsAn atypical trajectory of negative emotion recognition emerged, marked by similar levels of poor performances across age, and confusion between sad and anger that is typically resolved in early childhood. Recognition of sad and fear were positively correlated with IQ. Participants made gains over time detecting social cues, but not in forming correct conclusions about the intentions of others. Accurately judging sincere intentions remained a significant weakness over time. Relative to sincere intentions, participant’s performed significantly better in detecting negative social cues, and correctly judging trickery, deceit and lying. Age, IQ, inattention, and recognition of happy and sad accounted for 29% of variance in social perception.ConclusionMany people with PWS have deficits in recognizing sad, anger and fear, and accurately perceiving the sincere intentions of other people. The impact of these deficits on social behavior and relationships need to be better understood.
Da Drogenabhängige durch übliche Präventionsmaßnahmen nur begrenzt errcichbar sind, müssen für diese Hauptbetroffenengruppe geeignete Maßnahmen entwickelt werden, die zu Verhaltensänderungen führen. Der Schwerpunkt der Präventionsarbeit liegt bei den Hauptübertragungswegen ungeschützter Geschlechtsverkehr und Spritzentausch. Das darauf zielende AIDS-Präventionsprogramm (AIPP) behandelt mit unterschiedlichen didaktischen Methoden folgende Themenbereiche: Basisinformationen zum Hi-Virus und zur AIDS-Erkrankung, HIV-Tests und Risikosituationen, Safer Sex, Safer Use sowie Frauen und AIDS. Die Inhalte des AIPP werden den Klienten in ungefähr sechs Sitzungen in Kleingruppen vermittelt. Derzeit wird das Therapieprogramm in verschiedenen Drogentherapieeinrichtungen experimentell überprüft. Erste Ergebnisse zeigen signifikante Veränderungen im Verhalten sowie in präventionsrelevanten Einstellungen der Klienten. Darüber hinaus konnte eine groβe Akzeptanz des AIPP bei Klienten und Therapeuten der verschiedenen Einrichtungen beobachtet werden.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.