Aims To explore whether wide‐ranging, generalist primates like baboons can be presumed ‘resilient’ in the face of climate change. We identify environmental variables influencing baboons’ current distributions and predict their future potential distributions under different climate change scenarios. Location Africa and Arabia. Taxon Baboons, Papio spp. Methods We used localities for olive, yellow, Guinea, hamadryas, chacma and Kinda baboons together with high‐resolution data on bioclimatic variables, altitude and vegetation to construct species distribution models (SDMs). These SDMs were run under current and future conditions, with future models based on three General Circulation Models (MIROC‐ESM, CCSM4 and HadGEM2‐ES) under two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP2.6 and RCP6.0) for 2050 and 2070 to explore a range of different possible futures. Results All SDMs produced AUC values >0.916 suggesting excellent overall performance. Altitude was the most important variable influencing Guinea baboon distributions (contributing 41.6%), temperature seasonality for olive and yellow baboons (47.5% and 35.4% respectively), precipitation of the driest month for hamadryas baboons (24.4%), annual mean precipitation for the Kinda baboon (45.1%) and mean temperature of the driest quarter for chacma baboons (41.4%). Chacma and Kinda baboons are predicted to suffer substantial habitat loss, and Guinea baboons may do the same if conditions aridify as climates warm. In contrast, all models for the olive and hamadryas baboons predicted an increase in suitable habitat and only smaller changes were predicted for the yellow baboon. Main Conclusions Two or three of six baboon taxa are at risk of significant habitat loss as climates warm despite their apparent ecological flexibility. The chacma and Kinda baboons (both IUCN listed as Least Concern) will be worst affected, followed by the Guinea baboon (Near Threatened) if warming brings aridification. We recommend more focus on biogeographical tools as a means of exploring vulnerabilities in seemingly resilient species.
., 1986: A method for determining optimum distance between traps on line transects. Acta theriol., 31, 26: 353-358. Line transects are oftt.n the choice of trap layout for studies of species composition and relative abundance within communities of small mammals. We present a method for determining the optimum distance between traps on lines that will yield a uniform sampling area for each trap and thus maximize catch per effort. The method relies on finding the minimum intertrap distance at which captures are equal in both inner and end traps of short lines. We tested the method in two conifer forest communities of the Sierra Nevada of California. Ten 4-trap lines each of 10-m, 15-m, and 20-m spacing were deployed. The optimum intertrap distance in these communities was 15 m. The method described can be used to determine the optimum distance between traps for other types of studies in othrr communities.[ There is a continuing need for reliable estimates of the diversity and relative abundance of small mammals in various plant communities. This need is most apparent in studies to determine the effects of management practices and to estimate the effects of proposed environmental modifications. Problems arise when designing experiments, to collect the needed data. Chief among these is the method of sampling. Trapping is often the only practical methc d for determining relative abundance and population structure of most species of small mammals. The type of trap and bait u^ed, the configuration of traps in space, the distance between traps, and the timing and duration of trapping all affect the numbers and kinds of mammals caught. The best trapping design is one that will yield the most accurate information with the least expenditure of time and effort.Several studies on the relative effectiveness cf different traps have -Acta thericlogica
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