Recently, the conserved human LINC/DREAM complex has been described as an important regulator of cell cycle genes. LINC consists of a core module that dynamically associates with E2F transcription factors, p130 and the B‐MYB transcription factor in a cell cycle‐dependent manner. In this study, we analyzed the evolutionary conserved LIN54 subunit of LINC. We found that LIN54 is required for cell cycle progression. Protein interaction studies demonstrated that a predicted helix–coil–helix motif is required for the interaction of LIN54 with p130 and B‐MYB. In addition, we found that the cysteine‐rich CXC domain of LIN54 is a novel DNA‐binding domain that binds to the cdc2 promoter in a sequence‐specific manner. We identified two binding sites for LIN54 in the cdc2 promoter, one of which overlaps with the cell cycle homology region at the transcriptional start site. Gel shift assays suggested that, in quiescent cells, the binding of LIN54 at the cell cycle homology region is stabilized by the binding of E2F4 to the adjacent cell cycle‐dependent element. Our data demonstrate that LIN54 is an important and integral subunit of LINC. Structured digital abstract http://mint.bio.uniroma2.it/mint/search/interaction.do?interactionAc=MINT-7239362: LIN54 (uniprotkb:http://www.ebi.uniprot.org/entry/Q6MZP7) physically interacts (http://www.ebi.ac.uk/ontology-lookup/?termId=MI:0915) with p130 (uniprotkb:http://www.ebi.uniprot.org/entry/Q08999) by anti tag coimmunoprecipitation (http://www.ebi.ac.uk/ontology-lookup/?termId=MI:0007) http://mint.bio.uniroma2.it/mint/search/interaction.do?interactionAc=MINT-7239376: LIN54 (uniprotkb:http://www.ebi.uniprot.org/entry/Q6MZP7) physically interacts (http://www.ebi.ac.uk/ontology-lookup/?termId=MI:0915) with B‐Myb (uniprotkb:http://www.ebi.uniprot.org/entry/P10244) by anti tag coimmunoprecipitation (http://www.ebi.ac.uk/ontology-lookup/?termId=MI:0007)
The "Q-curves" Q 1 (c) = c, Q 2 (c) = c 2 + c, . . . , Q n (c) = (Q n−1 (c)) 2 + c = f n c (0) have long been observed and studied as the shadowy curves which appear illusively -not explicitly drawnin the familiar orbit diagram of Myrberg's map f c (x) = x 2 + c. We illustrate that Q-curves also appear implicitly, for a different reason, in a computer-drawn bifurcation diagram of x 2 + c as well -by "bifurcation diagram" we mean the collection of all periodic points of f c (attracting, indifferent and repelling) -these collections form what we call "P -curves". We show Q-curves and P -curves intersect in one of two ways: At a superattracting periodic point on a P -curve, the infinite family of Q-curves which intersect there are all tangent to the P -curve. At a Misiurewicz point, no tangencies occur at these intersections; the slope of the P -curve is the fixed point of a linear system whose iterates give the slopes of the Q-curves.We also introduce some new phenomena associated with c sin x illustrating briefly how its two different families of Q-curves interact with P -curves.Our algorithm for finding and plotting all periodic points (up to any reasonable period) in the bifurcation diagram is reviewed in an Appendix.
Since 1990 archaeologists, historians and dendrochronologists have worked on 128 sites in the Brussels-Capital Region. In addition to producing a typo-chronological inventory of wooden roof structures (12th–19th centuries), the studies have now extended to finishings and floor coverings, with an increasing focus being placed on the types of wood used. Although oak was the predominant material, especially before the 17th century, the resources used in Brussels and the surrounding villages were local. They came from three wooded areas, cleared or degraded to varying degrees: the Sonian Forest, state-owned forests, and hedgerows. Oak grows rapidly, with wide rings which make dendrochronological dating difficult, although this can be overcome by utilising more comparative data, employing carbon-14 dating, or knowing the historical context. The use of green wood has been confirmed, with unusual felling periods spread over two years. The sinuous profile of the fast-growing oaks was used to cut the knee braces in roofs over knee walls and porticoed wooden structures of monuments, urban housing, and vernacular architecture. Mediocre oak, or even wood from fruit trees, elm, or ash, was used for this kind of architecture. Moreover, from the 17th century onward, species other than oak began to appear in the roof frames of all buildings, especially after the centre of Brussels was bombarded in 1695. The typology of the reconstructed roof frames is the same as that prior to 1695, but a wider variety of woods were used to meet the high demand at the time of reconstruction. This diversity of species is more evident among floorboards, with poplar, elm, Scots pine, fir, and spruce being used. This may have been due to technical reasons, but, in the local context, it would also have been a question of using the precious oak of the Sonian Forest frugally.
L’archéologie du bâti est aujourd’hui une discipline de premier plan dans le paysage patrimonial bruxellois. La pression immobilière et la mise en place d’une réglementation urbanistique régionale inscrivant les interventions archéologiques dans les processus de rénovation et de restauration du patrimoine immobilier ont permis un essor très important de la discipline. L’administration en charge de l’archéologie multiplie les interventions tout en mettant en place une série de projets de recherches en collaboration avec des institutions scientifiques. Cette contribution entend présenter succinctement l’ensemble des projets de recherche et illustrer la richesse des résultats par la présentation d’un ensemble particulier de maisons récemment étudiées.
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