2 ), from 0-to 1.5-log inactivation can be expected, although at typical fluences (less than 1,000 J/m 2 ), the inactivation may be less than 1 log. When the eggs were decorticated (the outer egg shell layers were removed with sodium hypochlorite, leaving only the lipoprotein ascaroside layer) before exposure to UV, 1.80-؎ 0.32-log reduction (98.4%) was achieved with a fluence of 500 J/m 2 , suggesting that the outer eggshell layers protected A. suum eggs from inactivation by UV radiation. This protection may have been due to UV absorption by proteins in the outer layers of the 3-to 4-m-thick eggshell. Stirring alone (without UV exposure) also inactivated some of the Ascaris eggs (ϳ20% after 75 min), which complicated determination of the inactivation caused by UV radiation alone.

We describe a point-of-use (POU) ultraviolet (UV) disinfection technology, the UV Tube, which can be made with locally available resources around the world for under $50 US. Laboratory and field studies were conducted to characterize the UV Tube's performance when treating a flowrate of

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