The use of reliable biomarkers is becoming increasingly important for improved management of patients with acute and chronic kidney diseases. Recent developments have identified a number of these novel biomarkers in urine that can determine the potential risk of kidney damage. This research have elucidated that there are some biochemical enzymatic markers that have strong relationships with kidney disease and renal failure and could be used for diagnostic purposes, such as arginase and carbonic anhydrase that show a significant activity increase in both male and female patient's urine in all age stages at probability P<0.001 compared with normal one, this increase due to changes in kidney's histopathological changes such as apoptosis and inflammation in addition to the damage in renal's distal tubules. Fluorescence spectrophotometric technique reveals that some natural urine's fluorophores intensities changed according to the clinical state of the persons, for this it can be utilized as a diagnostic indicator of some diseases such as kidney diseases and renal failure as shown in this research which indicated that the intensities of patient's urine emission fluorescence peaks have changed in both males and female patient's urine especially at 352, 353, 363 nm,401, 425,438,445 nm, 438-445nm and 703nm compared with healthy ones at fixed excitation wavelength 350-400 respectively. We conclude from current research that urine could be utilized as an alternative to blood sample due to its easy to get beside many natural urine's metabolic fluorophores intensities and enzymes activities could be changed according to the clinical state of the persons, for this they can be utilized as indicators for kidney disease and renal failure.
The ability of some Staphylococci isolates producing and non-producing carotenoid pigments to resist the different concentrations of H 2 O 2 and Staphylococcus aureus ranged between 0.6-1.5% studied in dark and light had been studied. The results showed that staphyloxanthin producing strains were more resistant than carotenoid producing pigmented and non-pigmented strains and this resistance was better in dark than light due to the pigment oxidation. Extraction and partial purification of the pigment was done and some biochemical properties such as conductivity and UV-spectra were performed. High conductivity had been registered at 469.25, 391.25 ms besides UV-spectra determination revealed peaks at 450-468 nm for staphyloxanthin and orangecarotenoid pigments respectively. Antibacterial ability of partially purified pigments had been tested against different bacterial isolates, results indicated that partially purified staphyloxanthin had highest antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis, Acinetobacter baumanii and Proteus mirabilis, the lowest activity appeared against both Psedumonas aeruginosa and Shigella dysenteri, the other carotenoid pigment on the other hand, had no antibacterial effects against these isolates.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive irreversible neuronal dysfunction characterized by progressive memory loss along with neuropsychiatric symptoms and a decline in daily activities. Disturbances in microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) gene expression result in disruption of the neuronal cytoskeleton and formation of neurofibrillary tangles. The study aims are to highlight the correlation between MAPT gene's exons mutations and AD. Beside the possibility of utilizing serum's tau protein concentration as an indicator for AD due to the accumulation of intracellular neurofibrillary filaments of highly phosphorylated Tau in AD patient's brain. DNA had been extracted from participant's blood that divided into three groups 30 participants in each ,AD patients ,Positive family history and healthy or control groups. The results of this research showed that serum's Tau protein concentration in AD patient group was significantly higher than healthy control and positive family history group and according to this result serum's tau concentration could be utilized as a good indicator for AD .Beside mutation in each 1,9 and 13 exons had been identified by PCR product analysis utilizing specific primers for each , Amplification PCR products in exon (1) showed 428bp band in AD patients group does not exist in 26.66% and in positive family history for AD group does not exist in 23.33%, In exon (9) PCR product of 604bp band in AD patients group does not exist in 53.33%, and in positive family history group does not exist in 43.33%. While amplification PCR product of exon 13 showed 299bps band in all healthy control and positive family history but not in AD patient group instead it band in 263bp had been appeared in 36.66%. These results confirmed the important role of tau protein and its coding gene in the pathology of AD.
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