Background: Depression is the commonest psychiatric disorder in women. Menopausal symptoms include hot flashes, sleep disturbance, irritability, and vaginal dryness, which can give rise to depression in postmenopausal women. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the factors affecting and associated with depression in postmenopausal women. Patients and Methods: In this descriptive analytical research, 250 postmenopausal women who referred to health centers in Ahvaz were selected through an easy sampling method and studied. The beck depression inventory, the menopause rating scale (MRS) Questionnaire, and demographic information sheets were used to collect data. The collected data were analyzed with Pearson correlation coefficients, Spearman, chi-square, and one-way ANOVA. Results: The mean depression score was 12.17 ± 8. The total MRS mean in this study is 13.04 ± 8.01. The somatic dimension had the highest score, the mean of which was 5.48 ± 3.28. We found a significant relationship between depression score and MRS scores in all three dimensions (P < 0.001). The results did not show any correlation of depression score with mean age, age of menopause, body mass index, waist circumference, or waist-to-hip ratio (P > 0.05). However, the level of education was significantly associated with depression (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Increase in menopausal symptoms is associated with a higher severity of depression. Diagnosis and treatment of menopausal symptoms is therefore recommended to reduce depression.
Background Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a common psychosomatic disorder linked to menstruation in women at gestational age and can lead to absence from work and academic failure. Objective This study aimed to determine the prevalence and severity of PMS, premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) and associated factors among the female high school students. Methods This descriptive-analytical study was carried using randomized classification method on 368 female high school students in Shoushtar, Iran in 2016. Data were collected by a demographic form and Premenstrual Symptoms Screening Tool. Collected data were analyzed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Chi-squared test, binomial test, Mann-Whitney test and Spearman correlation test at a significance level of P<0.05. Findings The Mean±SD age of participants was 16.3±0.87 years. The prevalence of PMS in students was 53.5% and for PMDD was 12.22 %. The most prevalent symptoms were mood, behavioral and physical symptoms. The frequency of PMS was higher in students with a positive family history. Conclusion The prevalence of PMS in high school female students was relatively high. Since this problem can interfere with one's personal, social and academic activities, an educational program at schools and informing students in this regard can be helpful and effective in promoting the health and young girls.
Abstract:We are in the era called information age. In this era, the role of information and communication is very important because the role of education and training through communication is very effective, and an electronic name has been assigned to the new type of training and learning changes including information gathering, processing and distributing. Interaction of electronic training and knowledge management continuously increases due to unavoidable convergence of these two technologies. In one side, a desired output is the result of learning knowledge integrated with practical skills and experiences. On the other side, if staffs have been trained as well as possible, and be ready for using knowledge, applying and associating it, then knowledge can be managed easily. With regard to benefits of e-learning and its abilities for training, it seems that its integration with current training programs at universities, where common training is provided through integration of traditional learning and e-learning, is unavoidable. This is noticeable in training field that has too many addresses with various interests, experiences and training needs and skills.
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