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Background: Globally as growing occurrence ratio of ovarian cancer as well as efficacy of Gynecologic-Imaging Reporting-and-Data-System GI-RADS to diagnose pathologies like ovaries cancer, we designed for evaluating the presentation of diagnosis of this system to differentiate among the adnexal benign and malignant lesions. For routine gynecologic examinations, pelvic ultrasound is generally used, consequential in analysis of adnexal lesions, main stream of which are benign or functional. Though, because of probable difficulties including benign adnexal cyst (i.e. pelvic pain and adnexal torsion) as well as ultimate significance of initial analysis as well as cure of ovarian cancer, precise ultrasound analysis of adnexal lesions is important in clinical run through Methods: We searched google scholar and pubmed form 2000 to December 2019. Selection criteria reporting on the accuracy of GI-R-A-D-S system in ultrasound. Results: In this study, we evaluated 197 women with suspected appendicitis. The proportions of GI-RADS II, III, IV and V were 34.5 (69 cases), 38.0 (76 cases), 19.5 (39 cases) and 6.5 (13 cases). For the high-risk and low-risk GI-RADS subtypes, 72.5% were classified as GI-RADS II and III, and 26 were classified as GI-RADS IV and V, respectively. Conclusive histopathologic analysis was testified for 158 cases. Histopathologic assessment designated that 12(7.6%) of were malignant masses as well as 146(92.6%) were benign. Associating by histopathologic analysis, the GIRADS system specificity, sensitivity, negative predictive value and positive predictive value, as well as negative LR were 91.6, 80.82, 28.2, 99.1, 4.77, and 0.10, correspondingly. The accurateness of the scoring system was 81.64%. Conclusion: This systemic review concluded that by Gynecologic-Imaging-Reporting-Data System, we could measure the possibility of malignant stage through such an organized along with modest recording system thus that system could be valuable in clinician to perform a suitable clinical organization Keywords: Adnexal Diseases, Ovarian Neoplasms, Ultrasonography.
Background: Benign as well as malignant neoplasm of breast still appears to be the prime tumour among females and the prevalence of the disease is increasing all over the countries. The likelihood of emergence of breast neoplasm is linked to a number of factors i.e. reproductive life events and the factor of lifestyle that modify levels of endogenous sex hormones. One of most important risk factors is growing old age. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a least traumatic, reliable simple, complication free technique and economical for the diagnosis of mass lesions. It can be easily repeated if an adequate aspirate is not obtained. Aim: To determine the frequency of cytological category of FNAC C5 of breast lesion among different age groups. Study Design: Cross sectional comparative research study Place and Duration of Study: Department of Histopathology, Shaikh Zayed Hospital, Lahore from 21st January 2016 to 22nd September 2016. Methodology: One hundred and twenty female patients selected who presented with complain of palpable lesion in breast and was correlated with physical examination recording the size and consistency of mass. The procedure was performed on patients with complete clinical and radiological work up. After preparation of direct smear, slides were processed according to routine processing and then stained with H&E and Giemsa. Results: Thirty (25.80%) were between 18-30 age group while 42(35.00%), 47(39.20%) were between 31-45 and 46-60 age groups respectively. Though majority of FNAC cases were found in age group 31–45 but there was no significant difference among three groups by age. Conclusion: Malignancy in palpable breast masses can surely be diagnosed by a combination of clinical examination of breast and FNAC which when performed by a dedicated cytopathologist should be an integral part of a breast screening service. Middle age group had highest frequency but difference was insignificant. Keywords: Fine needle aspiration cytology, Palpable breast lesions, Age groups
Background: Adnexal Torsion (AT), serious emergency of gynecology, frequently shows among nonspecific signs prominent to late analysis. Aim: To compare the test accuracy of Ultrasound, Computed Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) for diagnosis of adnexal torsion. Methodology: We observed google scholar as well as Radiographics key till Dec 2019. Assortment standards studies report upon Imaging Modality accuracy (index test) within paediatric and adult females alleged of adnexal torsion matched by clinical analysis or usual clinical or radiological follow up duration till symptoms firmness (reference standard). Results: We mark off 3836 references, comprised 18 Studies (1654 females, 665-cases), as well as comprised 15 into meta analyses, ultrasound pooled-sensitivity (n =12, 1187 females) was 0.79 (95% CI= 0.63 to 0.92) as well as specificity was 0.76 (95% CI= 0.54 to 0.93), by means of positive as well as negative probability fractions 4.35 (95% CI= 2.03 to 9.32) and 0.29 (95% CI= 0.13 to 0.66), correspondingly. By Doppler Ultrasound (n=7, 845 females) produced alike and specificity (0.88, 95% CI= 0.72 to 1.00) and sensitivity (0.80, 95% CI= 0.67 to 0.93). For magnetic resonance imaging (n=3, 99 females), pooled-sensitivity was 0.81 (95% CI=0.63 to 0.91) as well as specificity was 0.91 (95% CI= 0.80 to 0.96). Meta-analysis for Computed Tomography was impossible by 2 case control-studies as well as one cohort-study (n=3, 232 females). Its range of sensitivity was 0.74 to 0.95 as well as specificity 0.80 to 0.90. Conclusions: As a first line analytic examination for alleged AT, ultrasound has good performance. Increment in quantity of AT cases needs precise, rapid, as well as correct analytic extent. It has been utmost popular method as allied with further Imaging Modalities. MRI might compromise better specificity for investigating intricate morphology of ovary, nonetheless further proof is wanted. Beside with medical doubt as well as approximations. This study will offer sufficient appreciated evidence to understand sonographic markers impact during OT analysis precisely. Keywords: Adnexa, Computed Tomography, Doppler, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Meta-analysis, Ovary, Test Accuracy,
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