Guided by rigorous methodology and a life-course perspective, the goal of this research is to address a gap in current knowledge on whether, when, and how strongly intergenerational continuity of substance use exists when examining age-equivalent and developmentally specific stages of the life course. Annual self-reported substance use measures were analyzed from a prospective, longitudinal, and nationally representative sample that originally consisted of 1,725 respondents and their families, who were then interviewed over a 27-year period from 1977 to 2004. Findings from multilevel random-intercept regression models provide support for intergenerational continuity when substance use occurs in emerging adulthood but not when limited to adolescence. Implications, limitations, and future research directions are discussed.

The objective of this study is to examine continuity of intimate partner aggression (IPA), which is defined as repeated annual involvement in IPA, across respondents' life course and into the next generation, where it may emerge among adult children. A national, longitudinal, and multigenerational sample of 1,401 individuals and their adult children is analyzed. Annual data on IPA severity and physical injury were collected by the National Youth Survey Family Study across a 20-year period from 1984 to 2004. Three hypotheses and biological sex differences are tested and effect sizes are estimated. First, findings reveal evidence for life course continuity (IPA is a strong predictor of subsequent IPA), but the overall trend decreases over time. Second, intergenerational continuity is documented (parents' IPA predicts adult children's IPA), but the effect is stronger for female than for male adult children. Third, results from combined and separate, more restrictive, measures of victimization and perpetration are nearly identical except in the intergenerational analyses. Fourth, evidence for continuity is not found when assessing physical injury alone. Together, these findings imply that some but not all forms of IPA are common, continuous, and intergenerational. Life course continuity appears stronger than intergenerational continuity.

This study examines the physical health, emotional well-being, and problem behavior outcomes associated with intimate partner abuse (IPA) victimization and perpetration experiences by analyzing a nationally representative, prospective, and longitudinal sample of 879 men and women collected from the National Youth Survey Family Study (NYSFS) and assessed across a period of 9 years from 1993 to 2003. Using multivariate regression techniques, it was found that both men and women experience numerous negative outcomes associated with their IPA victimization and perpetration experiences. Implications of these findings are discussed, as are the study's limitations, and future research directions.

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Many hearing-impaired (HI) individuals have abnormally broad binaural pitch fusion, such that tones differing in pitch by up to 3-4 octaves are fused between ears (Reiss et al., 2017). Broad binaural fusion leads to averaging of the monaural pitches (Oh and Reiss, 2017), and may similarly lead to fusion and averaging of speech streams across ears. In this study, we examined the relationship between binaural fusion range and dichotic vowel identification in normal-hearing (NH) and HI listeners. Synthetic vowels /i/,/u/,/a/, and /ae/ were generated with three fundamental frequencies (F0) of 106.9, 151.2, and 201.8 Hz, and presented dichotically through headphones. For HI listeners, stimuli were shaped according to NAL-NL2 prescriptive targets. Listeners identified 1 vowel or 2 different vowels on each trial. Preliminary results indicate that NH listeners improved their percentage of both vowels identified as the ΔF0 increased, but HI listeners did not. HI listeners were more likely to fuse two vowels together even with large ΔF0. NH listeners with broad fusion also had poorer overall performance than those with sharp fusion. The findings suggest that broad binaural fusion can impede separation of voices and speech streams in both NH and HI listeners. [Work supported by NIH-NIDCD grant R01 DC013307.]