This paper presents the results of studies performed to determine the effect of water extraction time from the river on the performance of off-stream reservoir. In total, a fixed volume of water is transferred to the reservoir by ten scenarios combining different months and optimised release is determined using dynamic programming. Then, indicators evaluating the performance of the reservoir are considered. The results showed that extraction of water in June and lack of water extraction in April led to maximum improvement of volume reliability while water extraction in May and lack of water extraction in April causes maximum improvement in the number of months facing water shortage. Also, water extraction in March and lack of water extraction in May led to maximum improvement of maximum seasonal shortage indicator while lack of water extraction in March improved duration of water shortage indicator.
Population growth and the need for sustainable urban development as well as lack of water resources due to the position of Iran in the arid and semi-arid zone and the occurrence of recent drought has seriously raised the importance of water scarcity. Nowadays, unconventional water resources are considered as one of the possible solutions to provide water supplies. Among different resources of unconventional waters, the use of wastewater as a sustainable resource for water scarcity management is considered as a strategic strategy. The aim of this study was to compare biological treatment method and nanofiltration method to remove sulfate from industrial wastewater. Thus, industrial wastewater of Najaf Abad treatment plant was used for this purpose and the experiments were carried out for 11 weeks and 11 replications. The appropriate method was chosen by calculating the removal percentage of various parameters and SPSS software was used to analyze the significance of the difference between the results of the two methods. According to the results, the percentage of sulfate removal in all experiments in the nanofiltration system was higher than the biological system and nanofiltration method is more reliable to remove sulfate. So, nanofilter system would be a good alternative for the biological system to reduce and remove sulfate in industrial wastewater.
Daily and overnight temperature trends in annual time-scale for Zayanderud river basin using 37 meteorological stations were studied. According to the results the majority of trends in the time series of daily and overnight temperature were increasing. Warming trends in the overnight temperature were stronger than those in the daily temperature. The average of all stations in the daily and overnight trends was 0.003 and 0.014C year −1 respectively. Overall warming trends (daily-overnight) were consistent with increasing urbanization. Regional warming trends were more obvious in the more urbanized area in central and eastern basin. There were weak cooling trends in daily temperature in the western and southwestern basin with a colder and more rainfall climate.
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