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P-Coumaric acid (p-CA) is a hydroxycinnamic acid, an organic compound that is a hydroxyl derivative of
cinnamic acid. P-CA is the most abundant isomer of the three in nature and can be found in a wide variety of edible plants
such as fungi, peanuts, navy beans, tomatoes, carrots, basil, and garlic. Recently, the therapeutic properties of p-CA have
received a great deal of attention from the scientific society. Here, we described the medicinal effects of p-CA on various
pathological conditions. This review was performed via evaluating PubMed reported studies from January 2010 to January
2020 also reference lists were checked to find additional studies. All intermediation or complementarity of animal models,
case-control and cohort studies, in-vitro studies, and controlled trials (CTs) on p-CA were acceptable, although, plant extract
studies without indication of main active substances were excluded due to the considerable diversities and heterogeneities.
According to recent evidence regarding the beneficial effects of p-CA, numerous diseases such as nephropathies,
cardiovascular diseases, neuro-inflammatory diseases, liver diseases, cancers, and some metabolic disorders could
potentially control by this natural herb. Interestingly, autophagy is a novel molecular mechanism involved in the crosstalk
between classic effects of p-CA and introduces alternative therapeutic pathways for this compound. Much work remains in clarifying the main therapeutic properties among the various p-CA effects; these will be the subject of forthcoming work,
which could be resulting in presenting the further mechanism of action.
Regeneration and restoring the function of the myocardial‐infracted hearts have been one of the constant challenges in medicine. Recently, tissue engineering, using biocompatible substrates and stem cells, holds a real promise to solve these problems. Herein, poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanofibers and platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) enriched PLGA nanofibers (PLGA‐PRP) were fabricated by electrospinning. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) demonstrated that fiber diameters in PLGA scaffolds with and without PRP were in the range of 500 ± 280 nm and fibers were also bead free, smooth, in random orientation, and with interconnected pores. During culture of the human‐induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) on the nanofibrous scaffold, further differentiation of the iPSCs to cardiomyocytes was detected in PLGA‐PRP nanofibers compared to the PLGA. This improvement in differentiation potential was evaluated at the morphological, molecular gene, and protein expression levels using SEM, real‐time reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR), and immunocytochemistry, respectively. The results obtained in this study highlighted the significance of natural growth factors present in the artificial scaffold applied in cardiac tissue engineering according to the improvements in cell‐biomaterial interactions. Taken together, our result indicated that PRP‐incorporated PLGA could be considered as a great potential candidate to use for engineering suitable myocardium replacement constructs.
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