Increased penetration of distributed generations in distribution networks are altering the technical characteristics of the grid, pushing them to operate closer to their limits of safe and reliable operation. New renewable generators connecting to the distribution network will be constrained due to the presence of thermal and voltage constraints during times of low demand and high generation output. The traditional reinforcement planning by means of increasing the capacity of network assets can be very costly and usually ends up in overinvested network with low utilization rates of the assets. In recent years, some smart technologies have been introduced to be used to increase the utilization of network assets and provide the adequate capacity for Distributed Generations (DGs). These smart solutions can help the Distributed Network Operators (DNOs) to provide cheaper and faster network connections for DGs. The multi epoch model is solved with both incremental approach where the investment is carried out incrementally and with integrated approach where the planning is done strategically anticipating the future needs of the network. It compares the application of smart solutions in short and long term planning. The proposed model is applied to a generic UK distribution network and the results are discussed.4

Sustainable economic development involves both improving the socio-economic quality of life in the present and improving environmental conditions for future generations. The main objective of the study was to investigate the impact of the determinant macroeconomic variables, including economic complexity, construction, energy consumption, and housing sector expenditures, on environmental changes in Iran over the period 1991 to 2019; using the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model. The results show that at the macro level, an increase in the economic complexity index can reduce pollution in both the short and long term. The effects of further expansion of the housing sector and household energy consumption on pollution are positive and significant in both the short and long run. The error correction model (ECM = 0.65) shows that 65% of the imbalances in each period are corrected in the next period. Based on the obtained results, it is recommended to take serious measures to improve the structure of production and increase the country’s economic complexity index; in other words, to produce goods with higher knowledge and technology and apply policies to improve the level of household energy consumption leading to air pollution reduction. Jel: Q40, Q48, Q50, Q52

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