Determining the factors affecting the volatilityand risk of the stock market by expanding the pricing models of capital assets has been the focus of researchers. One of the variables that have a close relationship with financial markets is blockchain technology. Blockchain is a new technology in the field of secure computing. This technology can revolutionize the digital world and by using the features of distributed ledger for every online transaction, it can execute transactions in such a way that the assets can be identified in the future without endangering the privacy, and security of the assets and the involved parties in the transaction. Therefore, the present study investigated the effect of blockchain technology on total and systematic risk volatility in 84 selected companies in the stock market of Iran from April 2011 to August 2021 using the System Generalized Method of Moments (System GMM). The results of the study show that market share, blockchain technology, research and development, and COVID-19 have a negative effect on systematic risk, manufacturing companies have a positive effect on systematic risk, also market share, research and development, and COVID-19 have a negative effect on total risk, and blockchain technology and manufacturing companies have a positive effect on the total market risk.
Background: Since oil is not a sustainable source of income for oil-rich countries, economic planners have focused on non-oil sources of income. In this regard, the tourism industry is one of the most lucrative industries in the world.Tourism includes services that have a great impact on economic and social activities. Health tourism is one of the most important areas of the tourism industry. So, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of health tourism shocks on economic growth in 2005-17 using the self-regression approach with distributive intervals. Methods: In this applied analytical research, the required statistics and information in terms of logarithm were collected through documentary and library methods from 2005 to 2017. Results: The experimental findings of the present study showed that the short term increase in the number of health tourists had a positive effect on the country's economic growth. The decreased number of health tourists also led to a decrease in the country's economic growth. The effective exchange rates and the number of medical services providers to tourists had negative and positive effects on the country's economic growth, respectively. In the long run, increased number of health tourists had a positive effect on economic growth, while a decrease in the number of health tourists had a negative effect on economic growth. The exchange rate and the number of health service providers to tourists had negative and positive effects on economic growth. Conclusion: Both in the short- and long-term, entry of health tourists has a positive effect on the country's economic growth. So, authorities are recommended to invest in this area to provide better services to health tourists on the economic planners and policymakers' agenda.
Exchange rate affects all economic aspects, including tourism balance of payment. The increase of exchange rate first worsens tourism balance of payments, then, after some period improves it. This path is called J-Curve. This article focuses on the impact of exchange rate on the balance of payment in selected countries of the premier tourist attractions in two groups of countries; countries with high and lower-middle per capita income in the period of 1995-2013 with VAR approach.The results show that there has been a J-curve in Sweden, South Africa, Bulgaria, Iran, and Egypt. However, that in other countries had not been approved. Also, variance decomposition of this in the countries studied shows that it was different from one country to another.
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