Although consumers' environmental concern has increased, little empirical research regarding environmental attitudes and clothing purchasing behavior has been reported. This study builds on the limited amount of research by employing a theoretical framework that focuses on endogenous and exogenous conditions that affect attitudes and behavior. The final sample of 402 women resulted from a national random sample of 1000. A survey measuring general environmental and clothing environmental attitudes, and environmental consideration when making clothing purchases was developed. Factor analysis reduced the attitude items to three general environmental factors and two clothing environmental factors. Path analysis was employed to examine the relationships among variables. Results revealed that demographic characteristics influenced general environmental attitudes which in turn influenced clothing environmental attitudes which ultimately impacts clothing purchasing behavior. Results further explicated the existing theoretical framework and provided support for a sequential approach.
This study examined the influence of a female instructor's clothing style on students' perceptions of an instructor's characteristics. Social perception provided the theoretical framework. Formality of clothing style, students' clothing interest, and students' gender were the independent variables. Perception of the instructor's characteristics was the dependent variable. A 25-item questionnaire was administered to 216 college students from three universities. Perceptions of the instructor's characteristics varied significantly with formality of clothing style. The students' clothing interest influenced perceptions to some extent; gender of students did not.
The Sproles'model of fashion adoption was selected to examine the adoption of the short skirt among employed women. Sproles'concepts of adopter identity and motivations were operationalized using measures from previous clothing-related studies of employed women. Results indicated that a large majority of the sample rejected the short skirt at the same time that retailers were heavily promoting the new style. Adopters and nonadopters differed significantly with respect to only two of the variables studied-age and perceived appropriateness of short skirts for work. Although factors not included in the study appeared to impact on the adoption process for employed women, Sproles' model allowed for the identification of variables which had value in predicting adoption of a new style. Theory-based empirical studies by retailers could be helpful in reducing the risk inherent in fashion marketing.
The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of a female teacher's clothing style on student perceptions of teacher characteristics, including approachability, knowledge, respect, and overall acceptability. High school students were provided with photographs of a teacher model dressed in four clothing styles and were asked to select one of the photos for each of 20 statements designed to reflect teacher characteristics. Chi square results revealed differences between the clothing styles on 19 of the 20 statements.
Th is paper describes the application of a Multi-Tiered Model of Assessment to a costume history course. A review of assessment literature is followed by a description of the three-tiered model. Elements of the model applied to a general education costume history course include peer review, teaching journal analysis, locally developed and national measures of student perceptions, and measures of student learning outcomes. Strategies for course redesign based on the data are discussed. ment from multiple points of view, (c) emphasize student learning outcomes, and (d) disseminate assessment results to eff ect change. Each of these guidelines is discussed below. Focus on GoalsAn eff ective assessment begins with the stated goals and outcomes of the course, selects assessment strategies appropriate for these goals, and interprets assessment results in context of the goals. Th us, the course goals are the foundation of an eff ective assessment. As Palomba and Banta (1999) point out:
The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of a male teacher's clothing and selected students' characteristics on students' perceptions of teachers' characteristics. The sample consisted of 152 male and female high school students. Respondents selected one of four photographs of a male teacher model dressed in four different clothing styles for each of 20 teachers' characteristic statements. The mediating effects of students' gender, formality of clothing, and perceptions of the importance of clothing were also investigated. Significant differences among the four clothing styles were found for all 20 statements. Students' gender and rated importance of clothing had some influence on this relationship. The results supplement previous research on female teachers by suggesting that different types of clothing also influence students' perceptions of male teachers and that students' characteristics have some mediating effect.
Abstract.Mosses contribute an average of 20% of upland boreal forest net primary productivity and are frequently observed to degrade slowly compared to vascular plants. If this is caused primarily by the chemically complexity of their tissues, moss decomposition could exhibit high temperature sensitivity (measured as Q10) due to high activation energy, which would imply soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks derived from moss remains are especially vulnerable to decomposition with warming. Alternatively, the physical structure of the moss cell wall biochemical matrix could 20 inhibit decomposition, resulting in low decay rates and low temperature sensitivity. We tested these hypotheses by incubating mosses collected from two boreal forests in Newfoundland, Canada, for 959 days at 5 and 18°C, while monitoring changes in the moss tissue composition using total hydrolysable amino acid (THAA) analysis and 13 C NMR spectroscopy. Less than 40% of C was respired in all incubations, revealing a large pool of apparently recalcitrant C. The decay rate of the labile fraction increased in the warmer treatment, but the total amount of C loss 25 increased only slightly, resulting in low Q10 values (1.23-1.33) compared to L horizon soils collected from the same forests. NMR spectra were dominated by O-alkyl C throughout the experiment, indicating the persistence of potentially labile C. Accumulation of hydroxyproline (derived primarily from plant cell wall proteins) and aromatic C indicates selective preservation of biochemicals associated with the moss cell wall. This was supported by scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of the moss tissues, which revealed few changes in the physical structure of the 30 cell wall after incubation. This suggests the moss cell wall matrix protected labile C from microbial decomposition, accounting for the low temperature sensitivity of moss decomposition despite low decay rates. Climate drivers of moss biomass and productivity, therefore, represent a potentially important regulator of boreal forest SOC responses to climate change that needs to be assessed to improve our understanding of carbon-climate feedbacks.
A brief survey measuring satisfaction with the body, concern for physical appearance, and motivations for selection of clothing was administered to 30 women in a university-sponsored support group for bulimic students and 30 women randomly selected from a college campus. No mean differences were found between the groups on concern for physical appearance when in a social setting, but mean differences were significant on satisfaction with weight, satisfaction with body image, and concern for physical appearance when alone.
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