This article was aimed at systematically reviewing the literature on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among victims of terrorist attacks. Electronic and hand searches of the literature identified 35 studies addressing PTSD prevalence based on validated diagnostic interviews. Overall, in the year after terrorist attacks, 33% to 39% of direct victims developed PTSD, whereas the percentage of indirect victims with PTSD was lower (4% in the affected community, 5%-6% among emergency, rescue, and recovery workers, and 17%-29% among relatives and friends of the injured or killed victims), but nonetheless above the prevalence in the general population. With the passing of time, a significant reduction of PTSD can be expected in the affected community and in the emergency and rescue personnel, but not in the injured victims, in the relatives and friends of the injured or killed victims, and in nontraditional, more vulnerable disaster workers. The implications of these results for the psychological treatment of terrorism victims are discussed.

Resumen: Las adaptaciones españolas de la Escala de Deseabilidad Social de Marlowe-Crowne (M-C SDS) han sido baremadas con estudiantes universitarios y adultos evaluados en contextos de selección/promoción laboral. Dada la influencia de la edad y el contexto en la M-C SDS, estos baremos no son apropiados para adultos voluntarios. Se presentan por primera vez datos normativos y de fiabilidad y una versión breve de la adaptación de la M-C SDS de Ávila Espada y Tomé Rodríguez obtenidos con adultos voluntarios españoles (N = 575). Los índices de consistencia interna de la M-C SDS fueron adecuados (alfa = .72-.80). Las diferencias estandarizadas en sus puntuaciones entre adultos voluntarios y estudiantes universitarios o adultos de selección/promoción alcanzaron tamaños del efecto medianos (d = 0.46 y 0.70), lo que justifica la creación de baremos específicos para adultos voluntarios. En dos submuestras independientes de adultos voluntarios, una versión de 18 ítems obtuvo índices de consistencia interna para sus ítems mejores que los de los 33 ítems de la escala completa y que no implicaba una pérdida significativa de fiabilidad (alfa = .72 y .80) ni de validez nomológica. Se ofrecen baremos globales y separados por grupos de edad para las versiones breve y completa de la M-C SDS. Palabras clave: Deseabilidad social; medidas de personalidad; baremos de test; versiones breves de test. Title:The Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale: norms for the Spanish general population and development of a short version Abstract: The Spanish adaptations of the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale (M-C SDS) were normed on samples of university students or of adults assessed in personnel selection/promotion settings. Given the influence of age and assessment setting on the M-C SDS, these norms are inadequate for adult volunteers. This is the first study that provides normative and reliability data and a short form of Ávila Espada and Tomé Rodríguez's Spanish adaptation of the M-C SDS with Spanish adult volunteers (N = 575). Internal consistency estimates for the M-C SDS were adequate (alphas = .72-.80). The standardized differences in M-C SDS scores between the adult volunteer sample and university student or personnel selection/promotion samples reached values of medium size (d = 0.46 and 0.70). This result supports the development of specific norms for adult volunteers. In two independent subsamples of adult volunteers, a short form of 18-items showed internal consistency indices for its items that were higher than those for the 33 items of the complete scale. This short form did not involve a significant loss of reliability (alphas = .72 and .80) or nomological validity. Global norms and norms for age groups are provided for the short and complete forms of the M-C SDS.

Objectives To assess the effectiveness and tolerability of dolutegravir (DTG)/lamivudine (3TC) among treatment-naive and virologically suppressed treatment-experienced individuals in the multicentre cohort of the Spanish HIV/AIDS Research Network (CoRIS) during the years 2018–2021. Methods We used multivariable regression models to compare viral suppression (VS) [HIV RNA viral load (VL) <50 copies/mL] and the change in CD4 cell counts at 24 and 48 (±12) weeks after initiation with dolutegravir/lamivudine or other first-line ART regimens. Results We included 2160 treatment-naive subjects, among whom 401 (18.6%) started with dolutegravir/lamivudine. The remaining subjects started bictegravir (BIC)/emtricitabine (FTC)/tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) (n = 949, 43.9%), DTG + FTC/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) (n = 282, 13.1%), DTG/3TC/abacavir (ABC) (n = 255, 11.8%), darunavir (DRV)/cobicistat(COBI)/FTC/TAF (n = 147, 6.8%) and elvitegravir (EVG)/COBI/FTC/TAF (n = 126, 5.8%). At 24 and 48 weeks after starting dolutegravir/lamivudine, 91.4% and 93.8% of the subjects, respectively, achieved VS. The probability of achieving VS with dolutegravir/lamivudine was not significantly different compared with any other regimen at 24 or 48 weeks, with the exception of a lower chance of achieving VS at 24 weeks for DRV/COBI/FTC/TAF (adjusted OR: 0.47; 95% CI: 0.30–0.74) compared with dolutegravir/lamivudine. For the analysis of treatment-experienced virally suppressed subjects we included 1456 individuals who switched to dolutegravir/lamivudine, among whom 97.4% and 95.5% maintained VS at 24 and 48 weeks, respectively. During the first 48 weeks after dolutegravir/lamivudine initiation, 1.0% of treatment-naive and 1.5% of treatment-experienced subjects discontinued dolutegravir/lamivudine due to an adverse event. Conclusions In this large multicentre cohort, effectiveness and tolerability of dolutegravir/lamivudine were high among treatment-naive and treatment-experienced subjects.

ResumenEn este artículo se presenta, a través del binomio categórico género y religión, un análi-sis de tres revistas femeninas editadas por la Acción Católica Española (ACE) en las décadas de 1940 y 1950: Volad. Revista de las Muchachas Inteligentes, dirigida a las jóvenes católicas; Para Nosotras. Revista para Obreras, destinada a las trabajadoras; y Ecclesia, orientada a un público más amplio, a mujeres y hombres católicos. El propósito de este trabajo es establecer una conexión entre los discursos difundidos desde el catolicismo, en especial, desde su organización más destacada, la ACE, y la consolidación de un modelo de género que asumió el franquismo como propio. Pero, por otra parte, se pretende señalar el rol de las cató-licas en la difusión de esos discursos de género y en el cuestionamiento de la supuesta separación establecida históricamente entre lo público y lo privado. Esta investigación se llevó a cabo por medio del análisis de documentos procedentes del Archivo de la Acción Católica Española y de la Biblioteca Nacional de España.Palabras clave: Acción Católica española, revistas femeninas, género, religión, franquismo. Resumo Salvando as almas. Discursos de género e religião nas revistas de Ação Católica EspanholaNeste artigo apresentamos, através do binômio categórico género e religião, uma análise de três revistas femininas publicadas pela Ação Católica Espanhola (ACE) durante as décadas de 1940 e 1950: Volad. Revista de las Muchachas Inteligentes, dirigida às jovens católicas; Para Nosotras. Revista para Obreras, destinada às trabalhadoras; e Ecclesia, orientada para um público mais amplo, a mulheres e homens católicos. O objetivo deste artigo é estabelecer uma conexão entre os discursos difundidos do catolicismo, especialmente de sua organização mais proeminente, a ACE, e a xddsfsdfsdsd Sara Martín Gutiérrez y Gabriela de Lima Grecco consolidação de um modelo de género que assumiu o regime de Francisco Franco como seu. Porém, por outro lado, pretendemos destacar o papel dos católicos na disseminação desses discursos de género e, também, no questionamento da suposta separação estabelecida historicamente entre o público e o privado. Esta investigação foi realizada através da análise de documentos do Arquivo da Ação Católica Espanhola e da Biblioteca Nacional da Espanha. SALVANDO LAS ÁNIMAS. DISCURSOS DE GÉNERO Y RELIGIÓN EN LAS REVISTAS DEPalavras-chave: Ação Católica Espanhola, revistas femininas, género, religião, Franquismo. Abstract Saving the souls. Gender discourses and religion in the Spanish Catholic Action's magazinesThis article presents, through the categorical binomial gender and religion, an analysis of three women's magazines published by the Spanish Catholic Action (ACE) in the 1940s and 1950s: Volad. Revista de las Muchachas Inteligentes, for young women; Para Nosotras. Revista para Obreras, for women workers; and Ecclesia, oriented to a wider audience, to Catholic women and men. The purpose of this paper is to establish a connection between the discourses spread from Catholicis...

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