ABSTRACT:Biosorption is an innovative method to remove nonbiodegradable pollutants, such as heavy metals, from aqueous solutions using a variety of biomaterials (e.g. bacteria, fungi, algae and industrial and agricultural wastes). Compared with other alternatives, these metabolically inactive and nonliving biomasses of microbial or floral origins are cheaper and more effective in removing metallic elements, some of which are toxic and carcinogenic. The discharge of heavy metals, such as copper ions into wastewater is regarded as a serious threat to the environment. Copper, a widely used metal in different industries, is considered one of the most detrimental elements to aquatic life. In this paper, the following topics are discussed: hazardous effects of copper in wastewater, biological methods of Cu removal (biosorption using bacteria and fungi) and the isotherms and kinetic models of adsorption.
5-day BOD and COD can be removed by biological aerobic treatment of saline wastewater. In this research, halophilic microorganisms, namely Aspergillus oryzae and Halobacillus dabanensis were isolated from a return sludge basin of a wastewater treatment plant in the City of Bandar Abbas in southern Iran , that contained a Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) of about 7500 mg l -1 . These microorganisms (bacteria and fungi) could tolerate 20% concentration of salt (NaCl) in Sabouraud-4% dextrose agar and Sabouraud-2% dextrose broth medium and brain heart (BHI) agar and BHI broth medium. The films of Aspergillus oryzae and Halobacillus dabanensis were formed around the Caalginate. These bioflims were introduced to a fixed bed column, on top of which saline wastewater was released with flow rates of 2-6 ml min . The removal process in fixed bed column was stopped after 1200 minutes.
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