Background: Pistacia lentiscus L. (PL) is a owering plant traditionally used in the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. The extracts of this plant are endowed with strong pharmacological activities. The aim of our current study was to investigate the anti-in ammatory and potential therapeutic effects of PL leaves aqueous extract (PLAE) against Dextran Sulfate Sodium (DSS)-induced acute colitis.Materials and methods: The therapeutic effect of PLAE was evaluated after orally administration of 3% DSS alone or concomitantly with PLAE (50, 100 or 200 mg/Kg). Mucosal lesions were assessed by macroscopic and histopathological examination. In this context, hemorrhage, diarrhea, weight loss, and disease activity index (DAI) were determined daily throughout the experiment. In the same way, hematoxylin-eosin and Alcian blue staining of colonic mucosal were used to evaluate respectively mucosal damages and mucus production. Furthermore, the levels of nitric oxide (NO), and proin ammatory cytokines [tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6)] were measured in plasma, as well as in colonic explants and peritoneal macrophages cultures supernatants.Results: Administration of DSS+PLAE indicated a signi cant reduction in clinical score of acute colitis DAI compared to DSS alone administration. Interestingly, histological analysis of the mucosa showed that DSS+PLAE-treated groups exhibited almost normal histology evidenced by an intact epithelium structure and less in ammatory cell in ltration in the mucosa. Alcian bleu staining revealed that DSS+PLAE-treated groups displayed almost normal mucus production. Importantly, a signi cant decrease in pro-in ammatory mediators (NO, IL-6 and TNF-α) levels in dose dependent manner was reported in plasma, and culture supernatants of colonic explants and peritoneal macrophages from DSS+ PLAE-treated mice compared to the DSS group. Conclusion:Our results showed that the systemic and local anti-in ammatory activities of aqueous leaves extract of PL improve the clinical signs of acute colitis. Our data suggest that PLAE has bene cial effects and could constitute a promising approach against acute ulcerative colitis by targeting the deregulated immune response. HighlightsAdministration of PLAE (Pistacia lentiscus aqueous extract) during acute DSS induced-colitis:-Induces reduction in clinical score of acute colitis.-Prevents colon histological lesions induced by DSS.-Inhibits mucus production by Goblet cells in acute colitis.-Induces a signi cant decrease in pro-in ammatory mediators (NO, IL-6 and TNF-α) levels in plasma, and culture supernatants of colonic explants and peritoneal macrophages.
This study was aiming to verify critical role of gut microbiota linking diet-induced obesity and cognitive dysfunction. After antibiotic treatment, male C57BL/6 mice were subjected to fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) using fecal microbiota isolated from donor mice fed on various high-fat diets and control basic diet. Novel object recognition test, 16S rRNA gene sequencing of feces and haematoxylineosin staining of hippocampal CA1 area were performed for all mice. The results showed that donor obese mice induced by diets high in long-chain saturated fatty acid (LCSFA), n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-6 PUFA) and trans fatty acid (TFA) had significant cognitive impairment (all Ps < 0.05) compared with that in control and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) groups. In recipient mice, the similar effect of above high-fat diets was revealed after FMT, while in absence of obesity. The donor mice in LCSFA, medium-chain saturated fatty acid (MCSFA), n-6 PUFA, and TFA groups showed more structural breakage and less nerve cells in hippocampal CA1 area than that in other groups, which was similar to corresponding recipients. According to these results it was concluded that high LCSFA, n-6 PUFA, and TFA diets may impair the cognitive function by damaging the structures of CA1 region in hippocampal through influencing intestinal microbiota in mice.
Background: Pistacia lentiscus L. (PL) is a flowering plant traditionally used in the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. The extracts of this plant are endowed with strong pharmacological activities. The aim of our current study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory and potential therapeutic effects of PL leaves aqueous extract (PLAE) against Dextran Sulfate Sodium (DSS)-induced acute colitis. Materials and methods: The therapeutic effect of PLAE was evaluated after orally administration of 3% DSS alone or concomitantly with PLAE (50, 100 or 200 mg/Kg). Mucosal lesions were assessed by macroscopic and histopathological examination. In this context, hemorrhage, diarrhea, weight loss, and disease activity index (DAI) were determined daily throughout the experiment. In the same way, hematoxylin-eosin and Alcian blue staining of colonic mucosal were used to evaluate respectively mucosal damages and mucus production. Furthermore, the levels of nitric oxide (NO), and pro-inflammatory cytokines [tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6)] were measured in plasma, as well as in colonic explants and peritoneal macrophages cultures supernatants.Results: Administration of DSS+PLAE indicated a significant reduction in clinical score of acute colitis DAI compared to DSS alone administration. Interestingly, histological analysis of the mucosa showed that DSS+PLAE-treated groups exhibited almost normal histology evidenced by an intact epithelium structure and less inflammatory cell infiltration in the mucosa. Alcian bleu staining revealed that DSS+PLAE-treated groups displayed almost normal mucus production. Importantly, a significant decrease in pro-inflammatory mediators (NO, IL-6 and TNF-α) levels in dose dependent manner was reported in plasma, and culture supernatants of colonic explants and peritoneal macrophages from DSS+ PLAE-treated mice compared to the DSS group.Conclusion: Our results showed that the systemic and local anti-inflammatory activities of aqueous leaves extract of PL improve the clinical signs of acute colitis. Our data suggest that PLAE has beneficial effects and could constitute a promising approach against acute ulcerative colitis by targeting the deregulated immune response.
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