Evidence in the literature indicates the significant association between temporomandibular joint disorders and orthodontic treatment. As a result of the epidemiological investigations that indicated the high prevalence of temporomandibular disorders among patients with malocclusions, it has been suggested that there might be a cause-and-effect correlation between both of these conditions. Evidence in the literature is inconsistent regarding the association between temporomandibular joint disorders and malocclusion, and orthodontic treatment. In the present literature review, we have discussed the different aspects of temporomandibular disorders and malocclusion and their relation to orthodontic treatment approaches. Among the different studies in the literature, solid evidence indicates a significant association between temporomandibular joint disorders and malocclusion, and accordingly, research aimed to study the impact of orthodontic treatment on curing and preventing the development of these disorders. The current evidence seems to be neutral regarding the impact of orthodontic treatment approaches on curing and preventing temporomandibular disorders. Therefore, it has been suggested that further investigations are still needed for adequate further evaluation. Finally, as we previously discussed, the attending orthodontist should adequately take care of certain parameters in these patients, including centric relation, maximal intercuspal position, simultaneous contact points, and evaluating the direction of forces applied on the relevant teeth.
Traumatic dental injuries can significantly impact the appearance and the functions of the affected teeth and can induce significant damages to the surrounding structures within the oral cavity including both the soft and hard ones. This present literature review aimed to discuss the appropriate orthodontic management of dental traumatic events and to present evidence from previous studies in the literature. The search took place in the relevant databases l, such as PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Google Scholar to find the relevant articles that have previously discussed the topic to retrieve all the potentially related information that will help to formulate strong evidence. The literature review was focused on the orthodontic management considerations for patients that had dental traumas including crown and crown-root fractures, in addition to intrusion and extrusion luxation injuries. Overall, orthodontists should be able to deal with all the possible traumatic lesions as early as possible to avoid the development of any complications which might affect the prognosis of the affected teeth and the surrounding structures. Moreover, the evidence suggested that aforementioned lesions which was a period of at least three months should be recommended after applying the orthodontic treatment to early screen against any potential complications and maintain stabilization.
Oral submucosal fibrosis is a serious condition that might be associated with serious complications in the affected patient. The disease also represents a major challenge to the healthcare specialists and the patient before achieving proper management of the condition. Different pharmacological and surgical interventions have been validated. However, no single modality has been proved as an adequate management approach for the disease, which is probably due to the limited number of investigations in this concern and the limited knowledge about the pathogenesis of the condition. In the present literature review, we have discussed the different surgical approaches that have been reported in the literature for managing patients with oral submucosal fibrosis. These approaches mainly aimed to remove the fibrous bands in the oral cavity and maintain adequate mouth opening. It should be noted that it would be hard to write a solid conclusion in this concern because most of the current evidence was either lacking or obtained from a limited number of studies with no proper sample sizes or adequate follow up durations. Accordingly, the indication of the surgical intervention should be primarily done by the surgeon based on the degree of involvement of the oral cavity. Finally, we recommended that further comparative investigations be carried out to further demonstrate the most appropriate management modality and to rule out whether pharmacological or surgical modalities are more efficacious in these settings.
Many maxillofacial injuries were reported with the most common ones being nasal bone injuries. In another context, injuries occurring to the mandible followed by the malar bone and axilla are the most common injuries that require surgical interventions. However, favorable outcomes regarding the management of these injuries are associated with many factors. Such factors include the severity of the fracture and the presence of associated morbidities and other fractures, which might lead to unwanted complications and complex management plans. In this study, we aim to discuss the most reported maxillofacial fractures, elaborating when favorable and unfavorable events can be detected. Moreover, this literature review discusses some challenges that might be present in some cases, requiring the integration of certain management skills and techniques. Providing adequate examination is essential to conduct better management. Caring for the associated fractures with the main event is also important, and should be considered to intervene against the development of any adverse events.
Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has been reported as an efficacious modality that can enhance the process of wound healing and tissue regeneration and has been validated in different medical settings, including cardiovascular surgery, otolaryngology, head and neck surgery, and maxillofacial surgery. In dental and oral surgery settings, PRP has been reported as an efficacious approach with favorable outcomes in different settings. Some of these procedures include surgical repair of the alveolar cleft, mandibular reconstruction, ablative surgical procedures, placement of osseointegrated implants, periodontal plastic surgery, and management of infrabony periodontal defects. In the present study, we aim to discuss the role and mechanisms that PRP plays in the settings of maxillofacial surgery based on evidence from the relevant studies in the literature. Evidence indicates the wide acceptance of the modality, which has been proven to increase the rate of wound healing and reduce the frequency of pain and swelling. The administration of PRP has been reported to dispense with the need for invasive approaches that might be furtherly associated with complications and different morbidities. However, in most of the favorable events where the PRP administration of was associated with enhanced outcomes, the modality was used in combination with another therapeutic approach. Therefore, further research is needed to validate the efficacy of the modality in the different settings.
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