LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LNMO) is one of the most
promising cathode materials for next-generation lithium-ion batteries
for rapid charging–discharging applications. The surfaces of
LNMO samples are coated with different amounts (0.5–2.0 wt
%) of silica (SiO2) using a cost-effective and scalable
ball milling process, and the surface-modified samples shows excellent
electrochemical stability with conventional liquid electrolyte. The
advantages of this coating are demonstrated by the improved electrochemical
performances at ambient and elevated temperatures (25 and 55 °C)
using half- and full-cell configurations. The solid electrolyte interface
(SEI) and coating properties have been highlighted by ex situ TEM
analysis, which indicates the close attachment and good wetting of
the SiO2 layer with the LNMO active particles. Importantly,
the 1 wt % SiO2-coated material cycled at 10, 40, and 80 C rates for 400 cycles exhibits excellent cycling stability
with capacity retentions of 96.7, 87.9, and 82.4%, respectively. The
1 wt % SiO2-coated material also shows excellent cycling
stability when charged at 6 C (10 min.) and discharged
at C/3 for 500 cycles. The interfacial resistances
of the SiO2-coated LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 is found to be much lower compared to bare material and does
not considerably increase with the amount of coating. Overall, the
scalable and cost-effective strategy of SiO2 coating applied
to LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 lowers the interfacial
charge transfer resistance and enables the materials to be suitable
for extremely fast-charging electric vehicle battery applications.
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