The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence and configuration of Middle Mesial Canals (MMC) and isthmi in mandibular molars in Pakistani population using Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT). METHODOLOGY: Sixty CBCTs of patients were selected randomly from database of University College of Dentistry, Lahore. First and second permanent mandibular molars without evidence of previous endodontic treatment, full coverage restoration or root resorption were evaluated for the number of roots, canals and the presence and configuration of MMC and isthmi. The age and gender of patients were also recorded. SPSS was used for statistical analysis using chi-square test. Significance level was set at 5% (P < 0.05). RESULTS: Out of 189 mandibular molars, MMCs were found in 9 and isthmi in 62 teeth. No statistical association was found between the presence of MMC and age, gender, side or tooth type. Significantly more isthmi were found in second molars, females and younger patients, P < 0.05. CONCLUSION: MMC and isthmi in mesial roots of mandibular molars are not unusual findings in our population and CBCT can be a valuable tool for their detection.

Objective: The current study was aimed to assess the psychological impact in terms of self-esteem due to malocclusion among teenagers and to determine the incidence of severity of malocclusion among teenagers Method: This was survey based descriptive crossectional study conducted in the department of orthodontics in a private dental teaching hospital of Lahore. Data was collected from the patients coming to orthodontic department for treatment. Sample size was 130 patients who required orthodontic treatment between ages ranging from 13years of age to 18 years of age. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 25. Frequencies and percentages were calculated as descriptive statistic. Results: Data was segregated according to the IOTN divisions according to which mild/little treatment was required for 18.46% participants, moderate treatment was required for 31.54% participants, severe treatment was required for 35.38% participants and extreme treatment was required for 14.62% participants. Majority of participants were reported low self-esteem due to the malocclused teeth. Conclusion: The occurrence and severity of dental malocclusions has an adverse psychological impact among teenagers. Keywords: Dental Malocclusion, Psychological impact, Self-esteem, IOTN

Aim. The study aimed to evaluate the root and canal system in maxillary 1st premolar teeth in our patients using cone-beam computed tomography in subpopulation of Pakistan in Lahore. Material & methods. This retrospective study in vivo assessed Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) imaginings of maxillary 1st premolars from February 2017 to January 2019. This study determined the number of roots, canals and root canal conformation as described by Vertucci’s classification. Results. 150 subjects aged 17-75 years were enrolled with 90 females and 60 males. From 200 1st maxillary pre-molars, 75% of the teeth had two roots. 21% had one root. 4% had three roots. 94% teeth had two canals. Three canals were detected in 4% teeth. One canal in 2% teeth. Regarding canal configuration, type I canal in 72% cases and type V canal in 13% of cases. Conclusion. The Cone-beam computed tomography system is par excellence diagnostic modality than radiographic diagnosis providing improved and exact knowledge of root and canal variations plus configuration. Keywords: CBCT, Maxillary premolars, Endodontic treatment, Vertucci’s classification, root canal.

Aim: To evaluate the effect of different cross infection control barriers on the intensity of the curing light. Study Design: In-vitro experimental study. Place and duration: Department of Operative and Pediatric Dentistry, The University of Lahore from January to March 2022. Methodology: The intensity of the light-curing unit was measured using a radiometer. The intensity of light without using any barrier was taken as control. Four barriers were used; polythene glove, latex glove, cling film wrap and standard barrier tape. Ten measurements for each group were performed after placing each type of protection barrier and the average was taken. The data was analyzed using SPSS v 22. Results: The mean value for light intensity without using any barrier was found to be 737.6 mW/cm2. The light intensity was maximum for cling film, polythene glove, barrier tape and latex glove with mean values of 720.6 mW/cm2, 581.2 mW/cm2, 541.7 mW/cm2 and 255.06 mW/cm2 respectively. A comparison of the output values without barrier and with different barriers showed a statistically significant difference with all barriers except cling film. Conclusion: It was found that cling film, polythene glove and barrier tape could serve as a barrier to cover the tip of the light curing unit. Keywords: Dental curing light, cross-infection, composite resin

Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate the level of perceived stress is associated with self-reported halitosis among undergraduate dental students in Pakistan Method: The crossectional study based on survey design was directed to evaluate the association of level of perceived stress and halitosis among undergraduate dental students. Sample size of the study was 278 undergraduate dental students from private dental colleges of Lahore. Independent sample t test was used. Results: The results of independent sample t test revealed a significant difference of level of perceived stress between the undergraduate dental students with halitosis and without halitosis (t=-21.784, P=.000). Undergraduate dental students who don’t have reported halitosis have lower level of perceived stress (Mean±SD, 11.76±3.01) as compared to those students who reported halitosis (Mean±SD, 22.13±4.32) Conclusion: Higher prevalence of halitosis was found among dental students with moderate perceived stress Keywords: Halitosis, Dental students, Perceived stress