Background: Soft tissue abscesses is one of the most commonly observed complication in children. This infection may impart the longer stay at hospital and also increase the cost of medical care. Objective: The study was carried out to find the pattern of organisms and the sensitivity of drugs from the pus produced in soft tissue abscesses among patients. Study design: It is cross-sectional study conducted from January 2020 to November 2022. Material and Methods: The study was conducted at the pediatric department of the Div. HQ teaching hospital Mirpur, Azad Jammu and Kashmir. The study was carried out on 160 patients having at least one abscess on their body. The study also collected information about the predisposing factor that could have led to abscess formation. The site of distribution of the abscess was also analyzed. The abundance of microorganisms that were isolated from the samples of abscesses was also studied. Results: it was found that in most of the patients (45.5%) the blunt trauma was the main cause of formation of abscess. The common cause of abscess at extremities was blunt trauma. The common cause of abscess at head and neck site was upper respiratory tract infection and lymphadenitis. The head and neck area along with lower limb was the site that had most of the abscess. Conclusion: In our study the blunt trauma at extremities was found to be main factor leading to pus formation from smooth tissue abscess among infants. The most common region where pus was formed was extremities, head and neck area and lower limb area. Keywords: klebsiella pneumonia and Soft tissue abscesses.
Background: Distal penile hypospadias is one of the common congenital abnormality. It is the anomaly of anterior urethral and penile development. Objective: The purpose of the study is to find the outcomes of TIP urethroplasty in distal penile hypospadias in the pediatric patients. Study design: This retrospective study was conducted at the urology department of our institute hospital for the duration of six months from February 2022 to July 2022. Material and Methods: Out of all the patients that visited hospital during a course of 1 year, 250 had distal penile hypospadias. There were 45 individuals that were less than 2 years of age, while the remaining patients were more than 2 years of age. There were 210 patients that were included in the de novo hypospadias type and 40 had recurrent type of hypospadias. Results: Chordee was found in case of 50 patients, most of the patients had their chordee disappeared during the degloving of the penis. Running sutures were in use of 200 patients while 50 reported about interrupted use of suturing. There were 25 patients that used no stent after surgery, however, the stent was used by 150 patients for 3 days. Conclusion: TIP urethroplasty is an effective and reliable method that can be used for the treatment of distal penile hypospadias as it has less rate of complications and is suitable for primary as well as redo operations. It covers neourethra by the moving corpus spongiosum or by any flap. Keywords: TIP urethroplasty and penile hypospadias.
Objective: The objective of this study is to compare the effects of inhaledbeclomethasone with oral montelukast in long term management of moderate persistent asthmain children. Design: Quasi experimental study. Period: 6 months, from July 20,2007 to January20, 2008. Settings: Out patient paediatric department at Fauji Foundation hospital, Rawalpindi.Material and Methods: 8o children between 5-12yrs of age presenting with moderate persistentasthma, divided in two groups of 40 each. Group A treated with beclomethasone inhaler whileGroup B was started on oral montelukast. Drugs effect was recorded on a 2 wkly proforma for 8weeks. Results: There were 54(67.5%) male and 26(33%) female. Most common triggeringfactor seen in 54(67.5%) patients was recent history of respiratory tract infection, exposure tocarpet dust in 43(53.75%), cigarette smoke in 42(52.5%),recent psychological stress in 28(35%) ,pollen allergy in 26 (32.5%) , pets exposure in 8 (10%) and to mite was noticed in 5(6.25%)children. Marked improvement was observed in day time cough in group A with 10(25%) patientsbeing free of cough with inhaler, while 20(50%) showed mild intermittent symptoms. 1(2.5%)showed mild persistent symptoms. In Group B 3(7.5%) patients were symptom free,23(57.5%)with mild intermittent and 4(10%) with mild persistant symptoms while 6(15%)continued to have moderate persistent symptoms. P value was 0.01. Regarding day timebreathlessness, P value was significant of 0.258. Similarly marked improvement was observed innight symptoms of breathlessness, cough and sleeplessness in both groups. P value was lessthan 0.05 in majority of the variables showing statistically significant improvement with inhaledbeclomethasone than with oral montelukast. Conclusions: Inhaled beclom
Background: With optimal perioperative and postoperative care, the survival and outcomes of new-born with anorectal malformations (ARM) have improved significantly in developed countries, but sepsis, low birth weight, late presentation, and intense new-born care is still lacking in developing countries influencing the outcome. This analysis was conducted to assess aspects for poor outcomes (mortality) in new-born with anorectal malformations. Study Design: A prospective analytical study. Place and duration: In the Department of Paediatric Surgery at Divisional Headquarters Teaching Hospital Mirpur for six months duration from January 2021 to June 2021. Methods: 48 total consecutive neonates with anorectal malformations (ARMs) admitted to the Paediatric Surgery department were included. The studied variables comprised age at admission, birth weight, sex, type of malformation, sepsis at admission, type of surgery performed, postoperative issues, and their association with the results. Statistical analysis was executed with SPSS 21.0. Results: 48 neonates with ARM were enrolled in the study. 60.4% (29) of the research population are male neonates and 39.6% (19) are female neonates. 2.3 ± 0.7 days was the mean age at admission (minimum age was 1 day and the maximum 4 days) and 2.8 ± 0.9 kg was the mean body weight at birth (minimum weight was 1.7 kg, and the maximum weight was 4.5 kg). The communal reason of mortality in patients postoperative was sepsis (50%). There was a statistically significant correlation amid sepsis and low birth weight (p = <0.01) on admission (p = 0.002) with mortality. Comparing the result with age at the time of presentation (p = 0.19) and complications postoperatively (p = 0.18), no statistically significant correlation was found. Conclusions: Lack of trained midwives / LHV, Lack of resources, late admission, intensive care sepsis, and ultimately mortality are contributing factors in developing countries. Good prenatal care, awareness of midwives / community nurses to refer these patients on time, and adequate intensive care can improve the outcomes of ARM surgery. Keywords: Sepsis, Imperforate anus, low birth weight, primary PSARP, cloaca and Pelvic divided colostomy
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