Maize (Zea mays L.) is a functional food source in Indonesia after rice and wheat. Increasing maize productivity can be done by developing a proper environment and nutritional availability during cultivation. The use of endophytic bacteria as biofertilizers is one prospective approach in reducing the synthetic fertilizers in the soil, and improving the absorption of macronutrients, such as nitrogen, phosphate, and potassium, as well. This study aimed to obtain phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) and potassium solubilizing bacteria (KSB). The samples of maize leaves, stems, and roots were isolated using a serial dilution method and selected on a Pikovskaya (PKV) and Aleksandrov medium. A total of 10 PSB isolates were obtained from PKV selective agar media. The highest density was obtained in the root (8.3x10 5 CFU.mL-1), stems (5.7x10 5 CFU.mL-1), and leaves (4.6x10 5 CFU.mL-1), respectively. Meanwhile, the diversity index of the PSB ranges from 0.7 to 0.78, indicates that the diversity index is high. Four isolates from PSB (AP1.3, AP3.1, AP1.2, and AP1.4) were selected as KSB because of the clear zone formed in Aleksandrov's medium. The highest production of phosphate and potassium was obtained by AP1.3 with value 12.11 µg.mL-1 and 8.38 µg.mL-1 at 72h and 15d, respectively. Therefore, these isolates potential to be used as an organic fertilizer (biofertilizers).
This research aimed to identify colchicine-induced tropical Yellow Corn characters and their potential in superior traits development. Single cross was applied to colchicine mutant line with tester line, INOAXM2 yellow and white seeds, to observe and test the characters enrichment of colchicine mutant, while pure line tester of sweet corn (OP-SBX) was used to observe the enhancement of germination and growth rate. Analysis of various quantitative data was determined using F test at the level of 5%, continued with Least Significant Difference Test (LSD) at the level of 5%. Potential characters and its inheritance pattern were determined by a descriptive statistical approach. Overall, germination and growth test of mutant show significant improvement when mutant crossed with tester lines. According to qualitative characters analysis of mutant line and its single way, it is found that glum colour is influenced by the male parent (Paternal Effect), while seed colour is determined by the female (Maternal Effect). From mutant M1 to M4, quantitative mutant (INFM) characters showed significant differences between lines within one generation and revealed improvements in single cross progeny. Single cross between colchicine line and tester mutant (IONAXM2) presents significant differences in all cobs characters (cob length, number of seeds in a row, number of rows, cob dry weight, and weight of 100 seeds (g) and reveals higher value compared to other lines. Mid-parent heterosis of single cross progeny of mutants was high for cob dry weight, those were 202.38% and 166.67%. The chromosomes observation of pink and yellow seeds of colchicine mutants revealed the presence of diploid, triploid, and euploid chromosomes, which verify chromosomal changes inside colchicine mutant lines.
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