The incidence of retained fetal bones is unknown. Most of the women present with secondary infertility and history of previous abortion. Previously, these were removed by dilatation and removal with ovum forceps but now a days hysteroscopy has given new dimensions to such procedures. Hysteroscopy is widely used in such 'look and remove' procedures like endometrial polyp removal, resection septum, hysteroscopy guided biopsy, synechiolysis, removal of intra-uterine fetal bones etc.
Medullary carcinoma (MC) of the colon is a rare and unique histologic subtype of colorectal cancer whichcharacterized by poor glandular differentiation and intraepithelial lymphocytic infiltrate. This has now been incorporated as a separate entity in the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of colorectal cancers.It is commonly associated with deficient mismatch repair proteins and has a strong association with Lynch syndrome. Diagnosis is challenging as it does not have the usual immunohistochemical stains on pathology seen in colorectal adenocarcinoma. Here, we discuss an interesting case of MC of the colon that was metastatic on presentation and constituted a diagnostic challenge1. Keywords: medullary carcinoma, colorectal carcinomas (CRC), medullary carcinoma of colon,poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, undifferentiated adenocarcinoma.
During development, the kidney ascends from its original pelvic position to its definitive lumbar position at the end of 5 th to 8 th week of intrauterine life. It also undergoes rotation, so that the hilum which was initially facing its ventral aspect comes to lie on its medial aspect. However in many instances, the rotation is abnormal or incomplete. Variations in kidney position are very important clinically, for both the complications they may generate and the technical difficulties of certain surgical interventions. Variations in the renal vessels and knowledge of the possibility of these are becoming more important nowadays due to gradual increase in interventional radiological procedures, urological and vascular operations, and renal transplantation. Here we report a case of bilateral non-rotation of kidneys found in a 60 yrs old male cadaver during routine dissection along with unilateral additional renal artery originating from the abdominal aorta. These anomalies were associated with extrarenal calices and pelves.
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