Breast cancer (BC) has become the most common cancer in urban women. Unfortunately, most women are not aware of BC symptoms/signs, prevention, and management. In resource-limited countries like India where we do not have structured screening/awareness programs, a majority of women present with locally advanced BC. The aim of our study is to identify the present status of awareness about BC prevention, early detection, symptoms, and management in urban and rural Indian women (medical, paramedical, and nonmedical) and to assess whether education and socioeconomic strata have any role in better awareness about BC or not. We did a prospective cross-sectional observation study among the medical, paramedical, and nonmedical women in the northern part of India. We designed a questionnaire keeping in mind the three domains about BC-knowledge (questions 1-25 include risk factors, genetics, lifestyle changes, hormones, associated cancers, and modes of presentation like lump, nipple/skin changes), breast self

Agriculture is one of the most important sector in India and the farmers are one of the most essential members of society. The major economy of the country comes from the agricultural sector. Though there is no end to the woes of Indian Farmers. One of the major causes for the continuing Indian farmer distress is lack of knowledge and benefits of the agricultural programs and schemes proposed by the Government of India.The Collaborative Recommendation System For Agriculture Sector is one such way to solve this problem. There are various workshops conducted to create awareness about the government schemes to the farmers but still the results are not seen as expected. Even if they are aware they are not solved and hence many NGOs and and Institutes have come up with various measures to solve this problem. Our research system focuses on helping the farmers by answering their agricultural queries by generating a profile of basic requirements through a web application and recommends the proposed government schemes developed to help farmers.The recommendation system also periodically update farmers with the recent trends in agricultural field, new Government schemes and programs. Keywords - agriculture, government schemes, web application, recommendation, knn algorithm, cosine similarity, CRSAS- Collaborative Recommendation System For Agriculture Sector

<p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Background: </span></strong><span lang="EN-US">Free radicals and other reactive species are constantly generated <em>in vivo</em> and cause oxidative damage to biomolecules. DNA is probably the most biologically significant target of oxidative attack. Among numerous types of oxidative DNA damage the formation of 8-hydroxyguanosine (8-OHdG) is a sensitive biomarker of oxidative stress, an adduct formed as a result of biochemical reaction between ROS and DNA. Chronic exposure to </span>Organophosphorus <span lang="EN-US">(OP) pesticides is implicated in many health conditions that result from the induction of oxidative stress, including cytogenetic damage. The main objective of the study was to evaluate the biochemical levels of 8-OHdG in spot urinary samples under the exposed OP pesticide sprayers and farm workers. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Methods:</span></strong><span lang="EN-US"> In this study, 51 male pesticide sprayers and 39 farm workers in the age group of 18-47 years having exposure  ranged from 3 to 15 years in duration were selected. The referents (n=31) were selected on the same criteria as well as they were never exposed to pesticides at any time. This study was conducted during the growing season (January, 2009 – September, 2010). The most commonly used OP pesticides like chlorpyriphos, Diazinon, Dimethioate, Monocrotofos etc., were used in this study. Urine samples from each participant were taken in sterile tubes and were stored at -20⁰C till analysed. The concentration of 8-OHdG in samples were analyzed using ELISA.<strong></strong></span></p><p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Results: </span></strong><span lang="EN-US">The urinary levels of 8-OHdG were found to be significantly higher in the farm workers and pesticide sprayers in contrast to the level observed in the control group (p&lt;0.05). When the data was analyzed in the exposed groups in relation to duration of exposure it was found that both the farm workers and sprayers who were exposed to OP pesticides for less than 5 years showed the maximum mean values of 8-OHdG in comparison to those exposed to for more than 10 years.</span></p><p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Conclusions:</span></strong><span lang="EN-US"> In view of this regular bio monitoring studies in target human populations are imperative necessary due to frequent changes in pesticide formulations and introduction of newer pesticides. Despite that several life style factors may influence the<strong> </strong>urinary concentrations of 8-OHdG but still this non-invasive bio-marker 8-OHdG is preferred over other invasive techniques to evaluate the environmental and occupational exposure effect of OP pesticides on the genotoxicity of the exposed workers.</span></p>

To probe the glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity coupled to ROS and TNF-α

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