Rise velocity of bubble and light weight particles in the bubble column are studied. The investigation was carried out in a bubble column characterized by an aspect ratio equal to four. The column was made up of Plexiglas, equipped with sparger and a spherical plate with steel bowl and lid for the second experimentation. The top of the column was open to atmosphere. The liquids used for the experimentation were deionised water, glycerin (50%) and butanol (1.5%). the gas phase was atmospheric air for all the runs. A high speed digital video camera is employed for the measurement of rise velocity of bubbles and light weight particles. The recorded images are also used to obtain an insight into the coalescence/breakage mechanisms occurring during bubble formation at the vicinity of the sparger and accurate rise velocity of light weight particles. The average gas holdup is estimated by the bed expansion. The uncertainty of the measurement is estimated to be less than 10%.
Lack of safe water prevents 42 percent of the world's population from accessing sanitation. In 2021, the WHO estimated that there would be 784 million people without access to safe drinking water. With a well-planned system, the group aims to cut the number of people in need of drinkable water by half by 2015. These methods improve saltwater, which makes up 97 percent of the world's water. In this regard, a model that simulates the work of groundwater treatment firms using natural resources and renewable energy has been developed. There was a lack of continuous wind energy throughout most of Oman, where this model was put, and the necessity for a reverse osmosis system for constant maintenance because these projects rely on renewable energy everywhere. This article aims to create an autonomous desalination plant powered by solar and wind energy. A simulator model based on renewable energy groundwater purification systems was created for this aim. To treat subterranean water in distant areas of Oman using two renewable technologies to create enough electricity to run the reverse water purification and water purification system at the lowest cost. A turbine mounted vertically with a height of 1.5 meters and a diameter of 1 meter will produce 2304 liters per day and 800000 liters per year
The extraction of protein from green spirulina microalgae platensis was carried out by centrifugation, ultra sound assisted extraction and combination of centrifugation and ultrasound assisted extraction spirulina platensis was carried out using ultrasound-assisted extraction and statistical optimization method is used to obtain the optimum conditions. A Box–Behnken design method was used to optimize the process conditions affecting protein extraction. This conditions investigated on microalgae cell disruption method by the combination of both ultrasonication and centrifuge. Different buffer solutions were used and the time of the ultrasonication was also varied. The protein extraction quantity was evaluated. The obtained results confirm that mixed buffer III showed the high concentration of protein but low quality. The study on the effect of ultrasonication period, the concentration of protein increased and remains constant also when duration of sonication is elongated and this result was observed during continuous ultrasonication in similar manner. The protein concentration is one of the important aspect, the protein quality must be satisfied. The results confirms the optimum condition of protein extraction from green microalgae requires the combination of the use of buffer solution and a proper duration of ultrasonication to maximize the protein quantity
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