<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Ossiculoplasty improves conductive hearing loss. Various reconstruction methods and techniques are developed with use of different graft materials over period of time. Results of ossiculoplasty can be predetermined with consideration of prognostic factors<span lang="EN-IN">. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> The present study is retrospective study of 50 patients who underwent ossiculoplasty in the medical college hospital over the period of 3 years i.e. from January 2013 to December 2016. The pre-operative and post-operative audiometric findings were documented and analyzed to study the hearing improvement with the use of auto graft malleus and incus for ossiculoplasty. The results of ossiculoplasty were also compared with other studies done for ossiculoplasty. Predictors of ossiculoplasty results such as ossicular status and middle ear mucosa were also studied<span lang="EN-IN">.  </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The average post-operative air bone gap was 12.92 dB. The mean post-operative ABG was within 20 dB in both primary and revision cases. Average air-bone closure in patients with normal mucosa was 32.1 dB and that of adhesive mucosa was 18 dB. Significant improvement in post-operative air-bone closure (p &lt;0.01) was observed in patients with auto graft incus than malleus head as ossiculoplast<span lang="EN-IN">. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> 84% ossiculopasty patients were having post-operative air bone gap within 20 dB. The ossiculoplasty using auto graft ossicle is physiological, biocompatible, stable and has low complication rate<span lang="EN-IN">.</span></p>

An attempt was made to find indications of tracheostomy procedure and its complications in the modern era of medicine with refined surgical techniques at a tertiary hospital. A retrospective study of 240 patients, who had undergone tracheostomy, was done during the period from January 2013 to April 2017 at Govt. Medical College Hospital. Various details of all participants such as age and sex of patients, detailed history of the current disease, and detailed information about tracheostomy and complications were recorded. In the present study, the most common indication for tracheostomy was prolonged ventilation due to Organophosphorus poisoning and Snake bite. The complication rate for tracheostomy procedure was 11.5%. The most common complication was tubal occlusion (7.5%) followed by Granulations around stoma (2.5%), Tracheal stenosis (1.25%), tracheoesophageal fistula (0.4%). No death was occurred during the tracheostomy procedure. The morbidity and mortality due to tracheostomy are reduced definitely. Tracheostomy Complications can be prevented by refined surgical techniques, use of high volume low pressure cuffed tracheostomy tubes and attentive post-operative nursing care. Yet complications of tracheomalacia and tracheal stenosis call for further improvement.

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Septorhinoplasty is commonly done procedure in ENT basic setup. It is done to relieve nasal obstruction and also to give better cosmetic appearance. There is dictum in nasal anatomy, 'as goes septum, goes nasal tip. It is clearly known that septum deviations change the cosmetic appearance of persons. <span lang="EN-IN"> Present study had done to access pre and post-operative satisfaction of patients with use of rhinoplasty outcome questionnaire (ROE)</span><span lang="EN-IN">. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This is prospective study of 40 patients who have under gone septorhinoplasty procedure in medical college hospitals. Assessment done in regards to patients satisfaction before and after surgery. Rhinoplasty outcomes evaluation (ROE) questionnaire was applied to all the patients and evaluation of the satisfaction pre op and post operatively was assessed in the interview by third surgeon to avoid bias. The results were statistically analyzed<span lang="EN-IN">.  </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> In present study pre<span lang="EN-IN">operative </span>satisfaction level was below 50 in 92.5% patients. 87.5% post<span lang="EN-IN">operative </span>patients had excellent and good results. <span lang="EN-IN">Average preoperative satisfaction in  patients were 7.15 (29.8%) and average postoperative satisfaction in patients  were 16.83 (70%). Preoperative satisfaction in male patients was 7.73 (32.2%) and postoperative satisfaction in male patient was 18.23 (84.3%).  Preoperative satisfaction in female patients was 6.44 (26.8%) and  postoperative satisfaction in female patient was 15.11 (63%). </span>In present study minimal pre<span lang="EN-IN">operative </span>satisfaction value was 5 (20.80%) and maximum post<span lang="EN-IN">operative</span> satisfaction value was 22 (91.66%)<span lang="EN-IN">. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Patient satisfaction is aim of septorhinoplasty. Hence an attempt is made to assess and understand patient expectations to achieve realistic goals in septorhinoplasty<span lang="EN-IN">.</span></p>

<p>The objective of this article is to overview about the changing techniques of tympanoplasty surgery and increase in the anatomical and functional success rate of surgeries. Introduction of endoscope in ear surgeries is time saving. Endoscopes are helpful to access hidden areas which was difficult with the help of microscope such as facial recesses, sinus tympani, extension of posterior-superior retraction pockets, etc. Also various modifications done in the techniques of using graft material for tympanoplasty surgery are reviewed in terms of graft acceptance and improvement of hearing. Articles reviewed are research articles, original articles and review articles published in pub med indexed journals. Because of Newer techniques in ear surgeries, tympanoplasty is becoming day care surgery. Also newer techniques are with cosmetic view and gives maximum post-operative hearing using minimal instrumentation. Efforts are taken to review the tympanoplasty surgical technique and its results.</p><p> </p>