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Background: Congenital anomalies contribute upto 11% of neonatal deaths globally. Neonates with multiple congenital malformations present a very difficult challenge to the treating physicians. This study was done to know the frequency, pattern of congenital anomalies and various presentations, which may help to develop strategies for patient counseling and management in our setting.Methods: Retrospective hospital based observational study from the period of June 2015 to June 2017. Neonates born in our hospital during the study period with documented congenital anomalies were included in the study and the data was classified as per European Surveillance of Congenital Anomalies and further analysed.Results: Total number of neonates with documented congenital anomalies was 40, of which 6 neonates (15%) had multiple anomalies. The anomalies in the study were divided into major and minor anomaly groups. 70% of the anomalies were classified as major anomalies while 30% were classified as minor anomalies. Multiparity and GDM were found to be major risk factors in the mother. Major anomalies identified involved the Musculoskeletal system (21.6%) and cardiovascular system (20%). Minor anomalies included skin disorders (27.7%) followed by Musculoskeletal (16.6%) and genitourinary system (16.6%). Of the 40 anomalous babies five babies expired soon after birthConclusions: Antenatal screening is an effective tool to detect Musculoskeletal and CNS anomalies. CVS anomalies may be missed by routine anomaly scan. Early intervention and effective follow up have shown that good outcomes are possible even in while managing some of the major anomalies.

Background: Neonatal sepsis is a common problem in Neonatal intensive care units. Neonatal sepsis is classified as early onset and late onset based on the time of occurrence of clinical symptoms in the neonate. Organisms causing sepsis in neonates vary from unit to unit and from time to time within the same unit. Study of microbial pattern and their antibiotic sensitivity pattern is essential part of managing septic neonates. Methods:The study was carried out in Govt Kilpauk medical college hospital between October 2010 to October 2012 Results: A total of 207 newborns with clinical sepsis were admitted. Blood culture was positive in 88 out of the 207 cases (42.51%) Klebsiella is the commonest organism causing sepsis (45%) in our Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Other gram-negative isolates included Escherichia Coli (31%), Pseudomonas (6%), Enterobacter (1%) and Acinetobacter (2%). The Gram-positive organisms grown were Coagulase Positive and Coagulase negative Staphylococci (8%), Group B Beta Hemolytic Streptococcus (5%) and Enterococcus (2%). Late-onset sepsis cases were found to be 1.5 times higher than early-onset sepsis. Out of 88 cases, 34(38.64%) had early-onset sepsis and 54(61.36%) had late-onset sepsis. Conclusion:A insight knowledge of the microbial isolate and their sensitivity pattern in Neonatal intensive care unit is essential in preventing mortality. The commonly pathogens isolated in the study are found to be resistant to the commonly used antibiotics.

Background: Developing countries have an increased burden of communicable diseases which are influenced by poor personal hygiene practices. Hand washing, especially with soap and water as an effective intervention to prevent the spread of communicable diseases. Despite the proven effectiveness, the practice of effective hand washing is found to be poor in developing countries. This study is aimed at assessing the knowledge and practice of hand washing among school students Methods Design and Setting: An institution-based cross sectional study was carried out among 440 students in a school in South India. A validated semi-structured questionnaire containing 36 questions was used to collect the required data after getting a consent. Place of study: Schools around Saveetha medical college hospital, a tertiary care teaching hospital in Chennai. Results: The study was conducted among 440 students among which 255 were boys and 186 were girls. Majority of children in the population have general know the importance of hand washing in day to day life as 88.18% (n= 388). The awareness about the substance that they use for washing their hands, the time at which they washed their hands, the reason for hand washing, the awareness about infections prevented by hand washing, the awareness about hand washing technique and the steps involved, the availability of soap or sanitizer in the school were all studied and children showed good knowledge and practice about hand washing. Conclusions: To conclude, the knowledge regarding hand washing is good, but the practice of hand washing and hand washing with soap and water after using the toilet is poor.

Background: Premature infants undergo a lot of stressful procedures during care and treatment procedure, which may lead to physiological and neurological changes. This study is based on analyzing the neurological deficits in preterm infants with low birth weight born to covid-19 affected mothers. The main purpose of this study was to analyze whether the preterm infants with low birth weight are prone to develop neurological deficits. The aim of this study was to evaluate the neurological effects in preterm infants admitted to the NICU.  Method: Quasi experimental study design was used in this study; Total 10 Preterm infants admitted to the NICU who met the inclusion criteria were selected. All 10 preterm infants  undergone screening for neurological deficits. All the data’s were tabulated and statistically analyzed. Results: In very low birth weight infants and risk factors for development delay and neurosensory disability are high. Infants with very early Preterm and extreme low birth weight have a higher risk of attention problems, languages difficulties and intellectual disabilities. Conclusions. It concludes that preterm infants are at risk of developing neurological deficits and also concludes that early the identification in new born helps in early the intervention to the new born