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Residue management has become a new challenge for Indian agriculture and agricultural growth, as well as environmental preservation. The rice-wheat cropping system (RWCS) is predominantly followed cropping system in the Indo-Gangetic plain (IGP), resulting in generating a large volume of agricultural residue. Annually, India produces 620 MT of crop residue, with rice and wheat accounting for 234 MT of the surplus and 30% of the total. Farmers are resorting to burning crop residue due to the short window between paddy harvest and seeding of rabi season crops, namely wheat, potato, and vegetables, for speedy field preparation. Burning of residues pollutes the environment, thus having adverse effects on human and animal health, as well as resulted in a loss of plant important elements. This problem is particularly prevalent in rice-wheat-dominant states such as Punjab, Haryana, Uttarakhand, and Uttar Pradesh. If we may use in situ management as residue retention after chopper and spreader, sowing wheat with Happy seeder/zero drill/special drill with full residue load, full residue, or full residue load incorporation with conventional tillage, burning is not the sole approach for residue management. In addition, off-farm residues generated are being utilized for animal feed and raw materials for industries. While there are regional variations in many mechanization drivers and needs, a wide range of mechanization components can be transported to new places to fit local conditions. This article focuses on innovations, methods, and tactics that are relevant to various mechanization systems in particular geographical areas. This article also stresses the need for a thorough analysis of the amount of residue generated, residue utilization using modern mechanical equipment, and their positive and negative effects on crop yield and yield attributes, weed diversity, soil physic-chemical, biological properties, beneficial, and harmful nematode populations in the IGP, which will aid researchers and policymakers in farming research priorities and policy for ensuring sustainability in RWCS.

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Field experiment was carried out during Kharif and Rabi seasons of 2016-17 at the mid altitudes of Meghalaya in the precincts of Sub Himalayan hill region to assess and quantify the extent of weed interference on growth and physiology of groundnut in both seasons of the year. Crop physiological parameters viz., LAI, CGR, RGR, NAR, SPAD value, leaf thickness, specific leaf area, specific leaf weight and partitioning efficiency which are key for determining growth and yield of crop were documented periodically. The highest values of all the physiological attributes were found in weed free check, and lowest with weedy check. As weeds, biological agents with similar cellular and plant structure equally affect the crop in all sectors of growth and reproduction but it is not shared uniformly across all stages of crop growth but with increasing period of weed interference decrease the extent of damage to crop plants.