Introducción: El desequilibrio en los mediadores inflamatorios ha formado la base del vínculo propuesto entre disbiosis oral y el desarrollo y la progresión de la enfermedad de Parkinson, siendo el vínculo entre los dos la "inflamación. Objetivos: Determinar los efectos de la disbiosis en cavidad oral y su relación con la Enfermedad de Parkinson. Materiales y métodos: investigación de tipo bibliográfico documental, de enfoque cualitativo, retrospectivo en la búsqueda, de diseño descriptivo y analítico, de método deductivo. Mediante uso de análisis PICO, palabras clave y términos mesh “Parkinson’s disease and Oral Dysbiosis”, “Inflammation and Parkinson’s, se utilizaron los buscadores: Pubemed, Scielo, ELsevier. Se revisaron 1150 documentos, que por criterios de inclusión y exclusión quedaron en 68. Análisis y discusión de resultados: Varios autores sugieren que los patógenos orales están involucrados en un proceso de neuroinflamación y caída de la barrera hematocefálica, lo que provocara el inicio o progresión de la enfermedad de Parkinson según algunos estudios. Conclusión: Si bien la evidencia debería ser mayor, muchos estudios indican que los patógenos orales pueden iniciar o ser un coadyuvante para el progreso de la enfermedad de Parkinson. A su vez esta enfermedad a causa degeneración motora por lo que se ve afecta la higiene oral, además estos pacientes usan ciertos fármacos que ocasionan xerostomía, por lo cual se ven afectados con mayor frecuencia por enfermedades periodontales.
The dental eruption is a physiological process that is divided into two phases: active and passive. An alteration in the passive phase will result in an altered passive eruption (EPA), which would be defined as the interruption of the apical migration of the margin of the gingiva, where it moves away from the amelocementary limit. This can be classified into 2 groups and 2 subgroups: 1A, 1B, 2A and 2B. Its importance lies in its diagnosis and treatment, since it is responsible for a large part of the consultations for restorative treatments due to the alterations that can produce in the aesthetics of the smile due to its clinical signs: short teeth, absence of gingival scallopings, and gingival smile Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive and analytical study where 100 UCSG odontology students were randomly selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The prevalence of altered passive eruption and its types was determined by the T Bar, a periodontal probe and periapical radiographs. Results: 100 subjects, 35 men and 65 women were analyzed. 16% of the subjects had EPA, of which 19% 1A and 81% 1B. The prevalence of high smile in people with short teeth was 37.5% and 31.25% in middle and low smiles. The variables of ethnicity and genetics were irrelevant. The EPA had a low prevalence of 16%, being more prevalent in women. I had no direct relation to the type of smile.
Smile being one of the aesthetic parameters most required by patients, dentists tend to evaluate it, among other factors, according to the amount of gingiva that the patient shows when smiling. This smile can be classified as high, medium and low. For correct interpretation and good diagnosis should also be analyzed soft tissue, such as the periodontal biotype, it can be thin and thick. The reason for our investigation is to observe the relationship between the type of smile and the periodontal biotype. The cross-sectional analytical study was performed on 100 UCSG dental students, randomly selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The type of smile was determined, whether it was high, medium or low. The periodontal biotype was determined by two methods: the visual, in which the clinical characteristics of each were analyzed, and by the transparency or not of the probe, through the gingival sulcus in the teeth 11, 12 and 13. Were analyzed 100 subjects, 33 men and 67 women. 27% of the total of the subjects had high smile, 65% showed average smile and the 8 % low smile. 70% showed to have thick biotype while 30% remaining fine biotype. When relating the two variables, of high smile 15%=thin biotype and 85%=thick biotype, of low smile 25%=thin biotype and 75%=thick biotype and of low smile 37%=thin biotype and 63%=thick biotype.
Third molars have an unusual eruption pattern. Studies suggest that, due to the position and angulation of these, various pathologies could occur in the adjacent molars, such as periodontal problems and the appearance of distal caries. The objective of this work is to describe the periodontal status of mandibular second molars adjacent to mandibular third molars. For this, a descriptive transversal study was carried out. We worked with a sample of 277 patients that went to the Dental UCSG Clinic to have their third molars extracted in the period A-2018. An intraoral clinical examination was performed, and the following variables were observed: probing depth, gingival state, and presence of caries in mandibular second molars. In addition, panoramic x-rays of the patients were reviewed to determine the position of the third mandibular molar and the level of the distal bone crest of the second molars. The results showed that the depth of distal probing of the mandibular second molars were normal (from 1 to 3mm) in 31% of the cases, while in 69% depths greater than 3mm were found. Regarding the presence of bone loss, in 43% of the cases there was no loss, in 35% of the cases there was a slight loss, 22% presented moderate loss and only 1% had severe loss. The presence of mandibular third molars significantly affects the periodontal status of the adjacent second molar, which can lead to periodontal pockets, bone los sand caries in their distal area.
Third molars have an unusual eruption pattern. Studies suggest that, due to the position and angulation of these, various pathologies could occur in the adjacent molars, such as periodontal problems and the appearance of distal caries. The objective of this work is to describe the periodontal status of mandibular second molars adjacent to mandibular third molars. For this, a descriptive transversal study was carried out. We worked with a sample of 277 patients that went to the Dental UCSG Clinic to have their third molars extracted in the period A-2018. An intraoral clinical examination was performed, and the following variables were observed: probing depth, gingival state, and presence of caries in mandibular second molars. In addition, panoramic x-rays of the patients were reviewed to determine the position of the third mandibular molar and the level of the distal bone crest of the second molars. The results showed that the depth of distal probing of the mandibular second molars were normal (from 1 to 3mm) in 31% of the cases, while in 69% depths greater than 3mm were found. Regarding the presence of bone loss, in 43% of the cases there was no loss, in 35% of the cases there was a slight loss, 22% presented moderate loss and only 1% had severe loss. The presence of mandibular third molars significantly affects the periodontal status of the adjacent second molar, which can lead to periodontal pockets, bone los sand caries in their distal area.
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