; 2) the ratio between the fishing mortality that gives the MSY and natural mortality ; and 3) the ratio of spawning biomass per recruit (SR) when the population is fished at Fmsy to the spawning biomass per recruit of an unfished population
. The production model provides
and SPRmsy that well predicted estimates from the age-structured models in most of the species analyzed. However,
was overestimated by the production model in most of the stocks. We discuss the dependence of h with the MSY-based RPs in light of the Chilean fishing law. This paper reveals the complexity of implementing the Chilean Fishing Law into real situations and the uncertainty surrounding the estimation of h and, by extension, MSY and MSY-based RPs.]]>
Análisis multivariado de la morfometría y merística del robalo Eleginops maclovinus (Cuvier, 1830) Morphometric and meristic multivariate analysis in patagonian blennie Eleginops maclovinus (Cuvier, 1830
The objective of this study was to determine the potential of antagonistic bacteria to control charcoal root rot of coniferous seedlings caused by Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid. in forest nurseries. Bacterial isolates were collected from nurseries located between Region Metropolitana and the VIII Region of Chile. Antagonists were initially evaluated in in vitro assays based on the ability to inhibit mycelial growth of M. phaseolina, and subsequently in two trials in a Pinus radiata nursery with a natural infestation of the pathogen. For nursery trials, the isolates were selected according to in vitro and field trial pathogen controls. The bacteria were applied as seed treatments and via water irrigation. The trials were conduced in a completely randomized block design. Among 568 bacterial isolates tested in vitro, 19.8% displayed some capacity to inhibit the mycelial growth of M. phaseolina, with inhibition between 1.7% and 67.6%. In the first nursery trial, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens VII 015, Bacillus pumilus IX 030, Bacillus stearothermophilus TM 008 and other two Bacillus sp. (VI 009 and IX 049) strains, significantly reduced the total, pre-and post-emergency mortality of seedlings, but no isolate reduced the incidence of M. phaseolina in seedlings. In the second trial, Bacillus sp. IX 049, VI 099, B. subtilis (IX 007) and a non-identified isolate V 005, decreased the incidence of charcoal root rot. It is concluded that the best of these bacterial antagonists have the potential to control M. phaseolina in P. radiata nurseries.
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