Cerebral proliferative angiopathy (CPA) is a rare vascular abnormality and separate from “classical” brain arteriovenous malformations. Haemorrhage due to proliferative angiopathy is rarely reported. We describe the clinical features, imaging findings and targeted endovascular management for a 12-year-old boy having proliferative angiopathy of the posterior fossa presenting with haemorrhage. Targeted endovascular embolisation in CPA is not previously described in the literature. The optimal treatment options for haemorrhagic CPA are debatable, and we wish to highlight the role of targeted treatment for culprit focal lesion demonstrable on imaging.
Ultrasound is an imaging technology that has evolved swiftly and has come a long way since its beginnings. It is a commonly used initial diagnostic imaging modality as it is rapid, effective, portable, relatively inexpensive, and causes no harm to human health. In the last few decades, there have been significant technological improvements in the equipment as well as the development of contrast agents that allowed ultrasound to be even more widely adopted for urologic imaging. Ultrasound is an excellent guidance tool for an array of urologic interventional procedures and also has therapeutic application in the form of high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) for tumor ablation. This article focuses on the recent advances in ultrasound technology and its emerging clinical applications in urology.
Rete mirabile is a congenital aberrant arterial collateral network resulting from abnormal embryonic activity during native vessel formation. Even though frequently observed in mammals, this entity is rare in humans except when there is hypoplasia, aplasia or narrowing of native vessels. Rete mirabile is reported involving internal carotid and vertebral arteries. Rete mirabile of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) is not described in the literature. We report the clinical presentation, imaging findings and management of PICA rete mirabile formation with subarachnoid hemorrhage.
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