Fibro adipose vascular anomaly (FAVA) is a rare type of vascular malformation with distinct clinical features. The authors here discussed the clinical, imaging, differential diagnosis, histopathological features, and treatment options of FAVA along with an illustrative case. It is important to know about this uncommon entity as this can be misdiagnosed due to the overlapping clinical features with other common entities. It is a benign condition with no proven malignant potential. There are no guidelines regarding the best treatment option.
BACKGROUNDWith an exponential rise in the prevalence of HIV infection among the population the incidence of surgical emergencies in these patients is also high. Keeping in view of the immunocompromised state, a Retrospective Observational Study was done to look at the causes and also the outcomes with regards to CD4 cell count.
METHODSCase Records of 127 patients who were admitted to the Emergency Surgical Ward, diagnosed/screened positive for HIV positive status over a period of three years were studied. The various types of surgical emergencies and outcomes following interventions among these patients were analysed with regards to the CD4 cell counts.
RESULTSAcute abdomen was the commonest surgical emergency reported among these patients where 93 patients out of 127 presented with acute abdomen whereas remaining 34 patients had nonabdominal surgical causes. Morbidity reported among these patients has no relation to the CD4 cell count whereas mortality was seen mostly among patients with low CD4 cell count.
CONCLUSIONAcute surgical emergencies are no longer uncommon among patients with HIV positive status and the outcomes are also reasonably good. A thorough and a careful clinical evaluation is mandatory before a surgical intervention is planned as a significant number of patients can be managed conservatively.
Cerebral proliferative angiopathy (CPA), previously known as diffuse nidus-type arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is an entity distinct from cerebral AVM, characterized by multiple small arterial feeders, large-size nidus involving entire lobe or hemisphere, and no early draining veins with normal brain parenchyma interspersed between the abnormal vessels. It is usually seen in younger age group and is more common in females. We hereby report a case of diffuse cerebral proliferative angiopathy in a 29-year-old man who presented with intracranial hemorrhage. It is important to recognize this entity to avoid aggressive treatment, thus preventing permanent damage to the normal intermingled brain tissue.
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