The Covid-19 pandemic led to dramatic consumer purchasing behaviour shifts when many nations declared the closure of all physical stores to stop the virus from spreading. As a result, consumers' purchasing behaviour has changed from brick-and-mortar to online shopping. This research examines the influencing factors that affect online consumers’ purchasing behaviour during the Covid-19 pandemic. This research measures four independent variables: perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, product price and trust. Two hundred thirty-eight online questionnaires were collected and analysed using the SPSS software. Each variable significantly affected online consumers’ purchasing behaviour among young adults. The most significant variable is perceived ease of use, which has positively and significantly influenced online consumers' purchasing behaviour. The findings of this study are needful for online marketers to understand online consumer purchasing behaviour during the Covid-19 pandemic. Therefore, this research can provide insights for marketers to predict online consumer purchasing patterns in post-pandemic industries.
The purpose of this study is to determine if internal marketing (IM) is a useful internal tool for the economic unit to enhance organisational performance (OP) and job satisfaction (JS) in Malaysian private universities (PU). The primary objective of this study is to develop a theoretical framework for the creation of a comprehensive measurement scale that emphasises the direct use of IM in PUs and enables PUs to achieve strategic goals such as bolstering lecturers' job satisfaction and organisational performance. The significance of the relationship between IM, JS, and OP is determined using a quantitative technique approach within the context of hypothesis testing. The respondents are lecturers from Malaysian private universities. This study contributes to the literature in two ways: first, it examines the relationship between internal marketing, job satisfaction, and organisational performance in the context of private universities, an industry where marketing issues remain understudied; and second, it provides a theoretical framework for the development of internal marketing within an organisation, with a focus on PUs. In this situation, the resilience and success of PUs can be attributed, in part, to the lecturers' capacity to defend their institutions against an intimidating environment and maintain growth.
Sistem pembetungan yang efisien dan moden adalah sangat mustahak bagi melahirkan persekitaran yang selamat dan bersih, memelihara sumber air, dan melindungi kesihatan awam. Namun begitu, negara menghadapi isu pencemaran air yang berkait rapat dengan pembebasan efluen yang tidak dirawat. Penyelidikan ini bertujuan untuk menilai kesahan dan kebolehpercayaan instrumen model tingkah laku isi rumah terhadap peningkatan perkhidmatan rawatan air sisa. Hubung kait antara empat pemboleh ubah penting iaitu kesedaran terhadap alam sekitar, sikap isi rumah, persepsi terhadap Indah Water Konsortium (IWK), dan kesanggupan membayar telah dikaji menerusi kaedah Pemodelan Persamaan Struktur (SEM). Lima hipotesis kajian yang dibangunkan telah diuji menggunakan pakej statistik Analysis of Moment Structures (AMOS) Versi 18. Nilai Tucker Lewis Index (TLI), Comparative Fit Index (CFI), dan Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) pula telah diguna pakai untuk mengekalkan atau menggugurkan item-item yang berkaitan. Hasil ujian ke atas model struktur membuktikan bahawa wujudnya hubungan positif antara kesedaran terhadap alam sekitar, sikap isi rumah, dan persepsi terhadap IWK dengan kesanggupan membayar. Dapatan kajian ini boleh diterapkan sebagai dasar untuk menambah baik polisi alam sekitar dan pengendalian air sisa di Malaysia.
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