The experiments reported in this research communication aimed to compare the serum nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) composition in ketotic cows and healthy cows during the perinatal period. NEFAs play significant roles in etiology and pathology of ketosis. We hypothesized that ketotic cows will display a different serum NEFA composition compared to healthy controls, and fatty acid related indicators for ketosis prediction can be screened. Pre-partum healthy cows were recruited, and blood samples were collected on −7, 3, 7, 14 and 21 d postpartum. Cows were further divided into a healthy control group (C group, n = 6) and a ketosis group (K group, n = 6) if blood β-hydroxybutyric acid levels exceeded 1.2 mm during the experiment. NEFA composition was then analyzed by means of Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS). Only C12 : 0% was significantly higher in C group than K group on 7 d pre-partum (P < 0.05), when the cows were not diagnosed with ketosis. Five fatty acids displayed statistical differences in composition between C and K group (P < 0.05), namely C12 : 0, C16 : 0, C17 : 0, C18 : 1n9 and C22 : 1n9. Saturates%, unsaturates%, mono-unsaturates% and saturates/unsaturates were also different between C and K group (P < 0.05). Of note, C18 : 1n9/C12 : 0 and C18 : 1n9/C22 : 1n9 in K group were significantly higher than those in controls on 7 d pre-partum (P < 0.05). It is suggested that the ratios show potential as indicators for prediction of ketosis.
<p>The purpose of this study was to investigate the performance, digestion of the diet and greenhouse gas emission of cows with subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA). Twelve cows were included. The blood parameters, milk yields, manure, and urine of healthy (H group) and cows with SARA (R group) were analyzed. The results showed that the plasma concentrations of total protein (TP) and globulin (GLO) of the R group were significantly lower than those of the H group. Aspartate amino transferase (AST), non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), beta-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA), creatinine kinase (CK) and L-lactate were significantly higher in the R group than in the H group. The levels of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) in feces from the R group were significantly lower than in the H group. Milk protein and milk fat were significantly lower in the R group than in the H group, and the energy corrected milk (ECM) value of the R group was significantly lower than that of the H group. The emission of ammonia and methane by the R group was slightly lower than by the H group. These results showed that the forage digestibility was significantly higher in the R group than the H group. The performance and ammonia and methane emission in the R group were slightly lower than those of the H group.</p>
High concentrations of non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) and β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) in cows' blood caused by ketosis are associated with inflammatory states. We hypothesised that ketosis in postparturient dairy cows would result in altered levels on inflammation-related proteins not only in plasma but also in the milk fat globule membranes (MFGM). Thirty cows were selected from a dairy farm in Heilongjiang, China. Inflammatory milk fat globule membrane proteins were detected using ELISA kits, and a fully automatic biochemical analyser was used to measure the concentrations of BHBA, NEFA, glucose (GLU) and triglyceride (TG) in plasma. MFGM protein from milk of ketotic cows contained significantly different concentrations of acute-phase response proteins (complement C3 (C3), prothrombin (F2), alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (ORM1), inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain H4 (ITIH4), alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein (AHSG), complement C9 (C9), complement regulatory protein variant 4 (CD46)) in comparison with milk from non-ketotic cows. Blood concentrations of C3, complement C9 (C9), tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα), MFGM C3, monocyte differentiation antigen CD14 (CD14) and ORM1 levels were correlated with energy balance. ITIH4 and CD46 increased, and AHSG and ORM1 decreased before the onset of ketosis. These biomarkers offer potential as predictors and monitors of ketosis in at-risk cows.
: Effect of exogenous fibroblast growth factor-21 on inflammation in a high-fat diet and cholesterol mice model. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg, 24 (1): 61-68, 201861-68, . DOI: 10.9775/kvfd.2017 Abstract Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 (FGF21) is a novel metabolic regulator involved in lipid utilization, and it can involve in the regulation of lipid metabolism. To determine the physiological function of FGF21 in relation to a high-fat diet (HFD) and high cholesterol, the effect of FGF21 on immune response indicators and hematological parameters was investigated. In the experiment, a total of 24 female mice were selected, 12 of which were fed with HFDs (group 1) and the other were fed with normal diet (group 2). After 30 days, the mice of two groups were respectively divided into two groups on average: 1. HFDs mice were used as model group; 2 normal diet mice were used as control group; 3. HFDs mice injection were used as model + FGF21 group; 4. normal diet injection were used as control + FGF21 group. Mice were sacrificed at 3-day intervals and the livers were isolated and analyzed. Blood was collected and analyzed for CD3 and CD19 by flow cytometry and IL-4, IL-6 and TNF-α by ELISA. Serum TG, TC, NEFA, LDL-c, and HDL-c levels were measured by automatic biochemical analyzer. Although CD3 and CD19 varied, the difference was not significant, and the levels of IL-4, IL-6, TNF-α, TC, TG LDL-c, and NEFA in the model exogenous injection FGF21 group were lower than in the model group (P<0.05). The present results indicate that exogenous FGF21 regulates IL-4, IL-6 and TNF-α and protects the liver from inflammation damage induced by high dietary fat and cholesterol. Keywords: Exogenous FGF21, High-fat diets, Cholesterol, Immunological factor Yüksek Yağlı Diyet ve Kolesterolle Beslenen Farelerde Eksojen Fibroblast Büyüme Faktörü-21'in Yangı Üzerine Etkisi ÖzetFibroblast Büyüme Faktörü 21 (FGF21) yağların kullanımında görev alan metabolik bir düzenleyicidir ve yağ metabolizmasında rol oynar. Yüksek yağlı ve kolesterollü diyet ile FGF21'in fizyolojik fonksiyonu arasındaki ilişkiyi araştırmak amacıyla FGF21'in bağışıklık cevap indikatörleri ve kan parametreleri üzerine etkisi incelendi. Çalışmada toplam 24 dişi fare kullanıldı ve bunların 12'si yüksek yağlı diyet (Grup 1) diğer 12'si ise normal diyet (Grup 2) ile beslendi. Otuz gün sonunda iki gruptaki fareler tekrar ikişer gruba bölündü; 1: Yüksek yağlı diyet ile beslenen fareler "model grup" olarak kullanıldı, 2: Normal diyet fareler "kontrol grubu" olarak kullanıldı; 3: Yüksek yağlı diyet ile beslenen ve FGF21 enjekte edilen fareler "model + FGF21 grubu" olarak kullanıldı; 4: normal ile beslenen ve FGF21 enjekte edilen fareler "kontrol + FGF21 grubu" olarak kullanıldı. Fareler 3 gün aralıkla öldürüldü ve karaciğer dokuları incelendi. Kan toplanarak CD3 ve CD19 akışkan sitometresi ve IL-4, IL-6 ve TNF-α ise ELİSA ile analiz edildi. Serum TG, TC, NEFA, LDL-c ve HDL-c seviyeleri otomatik biyokimyasal analizleyici ile ölçüldü. CD3 ve CD19 değişmekle birlikte değişim istatistiki bakım...
Oleic acid (OA) is widely used in pathology studies of hepatocellular lipid deposition. Identifying the effects of different solvents on OA-induced liver lipid deposition would be beneficial for studies on hepatocytes. We treated BRL 3A cells with OA dissolved in different solvents. After 12 h incubation, cell viability was assessed using MTT assays. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) counts, and the expression level of glucose regulated protein (GRP78), sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP-1C) and fatty acid synthase (FAS) were analyzed. Water, PBS and DMSO were disadvantageous to the dissolution of OA and did not cause an OA-induced response in hepatocytes. In the alcohol+OA-treated cells, the severe ER stress, oxidative stress and cellular fat deposition were significantly increased. BSA promoted cell growth and the cells treated with 1.2% BSA+OA showed a lower grade TG and endoplasmic reticulum stress compared with KOH+OA and alcohol+OA treatments. KOH had no significant influence on BRL 3A cells viability. When treated with OA dissolved in KOH, BRL 3A cells showed a typical hepatocyte damage. KOH was considered the suitable choice for an OA solvent for BRL 3A cells in hepatic lipidosis research.
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