Machining of materials has received substantial attention due to the increasing use of machining processes in various industrial applications. The research in this area is intended mainly to improve the machining of process so as to achieve the required surface quality. Machining processes, though employed widely as in metal removal process, have their own share of problems, such as high machining zone temperature, which may lead to poor surface quality. Machining fluids are applied in different forms to control such a high temperature, but they are partially effective within a narrow working range; recent studies also indicate their polluting nature. Solid lubricant assisted machining is a novel concept to control the machining zone temperature without polluting the environment. Solid lubricant, if employed properly, could control the machining zone temperature effectively by intensive removal of heat from the machining zone. A new experimental setup has been envisaged and built. Experiments have been carried out to study the effect of solid lubricant on surface finish and chip thickness. Results indicate that the effectiveness of solid lubricant is substantial through the experimental domains.
Two-phase PZT-epoxy piezoelectric composites and three phase PZT-epoxy-Al composites were fabricated using a poling voltage of 0.2 kV/mm. The influence of aluminum inclusion size (nano and micron) and (lead zirconate titanate) PZT volume fraction on the dielectric properties of the three phase PZT-epoxY-aluminum composites were experimentally investigated. In general, dielectric and piezoelectric properties of the PZTepoxy matrix were improved with the addition of aliiniititim particles. Composites that were comprised of micron scale aluminum inclusions demonstrated higher piezoelectric djj-strain-coefficients, and higher dielectric loss compared to composites that were comprised of nanosize aluminum inclusions. Specifically, composites comprised of micron sized aluminum particles and PZT volume fractions of 20%, 30%, and 40% had dielectric constants equal to 405.7. 661.4, and 727.8 (pC/N), respectively, while composites comprised of nanosize aluminum particles with the same PZT volume fractions, had dielectric constants equal to 233.28, 568.81, and 657.41 (pC/N), respectively. The electromechanical properties of the composites are influenced by several factors: inclusion agglomeration, contact resistance between particles, and air voids. These composites may be useful for several applications: structural health monitoring, energy harvesting, and acoustic liners.
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