This paper investigates the potential and economics of electrical space heating in Swedish single-family dwellings (SFDs) to provide Demand Response (DR) for the electricity load in Sweden. A dynamic and detailed building-stock model, is used to calculate the net energy demand by end-use of a set of sample buildings taken as representative of all Swedish SFDs with electrical heating. A new sub-model optimizes the dispatch of heating systems on an hourly basis, for each representative building, minimizing the cost of electricity purchased from the hourly spot market. The analysis of the Swedish SFD buildings indicates a technical DR capacity potential of 7.3 GW, which is considerable and can be used for the management of intermittent electricity generation. This potential could also prove to be valuable in the operating reserve market. However, this requires that the DR, rather than being governed by a single hourly electricity price signal, would instead be subject to a more centralized control. The modeling shows that DR can be expected to result in up to 5.5 GW of decreased load and 4.4 GW of increased load, if applying current Swedish electricity prices. The modeling shows that DR shifts up to 1.46 TWh of electric heating, corresponding to 1% of total Swedish electricity demand. The potential savings from DR for individual SFDs is found to be low, 0.9 to 330 €/year, given current Swedish electricity prices.
As the challenges associated with sustainability, urbanization, life quality and demography become more imminent, companies are adapting to the changing requirements by means of revised strategic approaches. Thus, enterprises are increasingly deviating from the traditionally absolute priority of maximizing total return for shareholders. While this priority is still important, businesses are also looking at the total societal impact (TSI), which represents a collection of measures and assessments that incorporate the economic, social and environmental impacts of their products and services [1]. This paper focuses on the compound influence that TSI may have within the energy domain. In particular, the business opportunities resulting from the Horizon 2020 funded project INVADE are being discussed but seen from the perspective of a socially responsible corporate strategy. Referring to discussions, analyses and undertaken initiatives this paper concludes that business models which incorporate environmentally friendly, local and social and fair energy are capable of accelerating business growth for the concerned companies.
This article presents the H2020 project RESOLVD (Renewable Penetration Levered by Efficient LowVoltage Distribution Grids). The purpose of this project is to improve the efficiency of distribution networks at the same time while increasing the hosting capacity of distributed renewable generation by introducing flexibility by storage management and control in the low voltage grid. This paper collects the most significant insights from the RESOLVD project by summarizing the needs and expectations of the involved stakeholders to give a complete understanding of the context of the project. Subsequently, the RESOLVD technology is presented, both the software as well as the hardware solutions. Next, the existing and upcoming regulation initiatives are presented and analyzed. Finally, the conclusions of the project and recommendations to standardizing and regulatory bodies are provided.
In tropical climates like India, solar radiation is the major source of heat gain through roofs as they are exposed to the sun throughout the day. As the ambient conditions are dynamic, it is important to look at periodic variation of heat flow through roofs. In this context, apart from U-values that the Energy Conservation Building Code of India (ECBC-2007) prescribes for envelopes, more specific performance indicators should be considered for designing energy efficient buildings. The study presented in this paper evaluates thermal performance of Cement Tile as roofing material and compares it with the performance of two other typical roof insulation materials monitored in hot and dry climate of India. The results are supported with physical structures using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images and energy simulations. Despite having higher overall U-value (over six times), Model 1 (with Cement Tile) shows better thermal performance and negligible energy savings than Model 2 (with extruded polystyrene as insulation material) and Model 3 (with POP false ceiling). Therefore, the overall U-values calculated from the layer wise thermal conductivity along with Discomfort Degree Hour, Building Index, and Average heat flux would provide a better understanding of thermal performance of the roof as was demonstrated by our experiments.
Rooftop solar power plants, hereafter rooftop solar, have good potential to decarbonize local energy systems in countries like India. This paper investigates optimal sizing of rooftop solar together with lithium-ion batteries from the perspectives of distribution grid companies and prosumers. For this, a techno-economic analysis is performed on a case study in Delhi using an optimization tool, the Multi-Vector Simulator. Results indicate that with current incentives it is an economically attractive option for domestic consumers to invest in rooftop solar to become prosumers, while investments in battery storage do not lead to economic benefits. However, the availability of upfront investments and roof areas could limit the growth of prosumers. For distribution grid companies growing prosumers means a reduction in revenues. By investing in rooftop solar, distribution grid companies can improve their profitability and self-meet their obligation to purchase renewable energy. For policymakers, it is important to design policy instruments that support both the prosumers as well as the grid operators.
Synergies between multiple energy vectors can support decarbonization of local energy islands and, at the same time, relieve stress from the electricity grid. Multi-vector energy systems offer flexibility to integrate intermittent and economic local energy generation. However, the implementation and operation of multi-vector energy systems face technical, societal and business-related challenges. This paper identifies these challenges and proposes different tools to tackle them. These tools are to be developed in the E-LAND project funded by European Union under the H2020 scheme. Special focus of the paper is on developing a method for optimal planning and operation of multi-vector grid. considering trade-off between robustness and optimality. Another novelty of technical tool lies in making scheduling decisions on long-term and short-term storage considering demand response as another flexibility resource. By combining technological, societal and business tools, the project expects to create multi-vector energy systems accepted by citizens and with viable business model.
The paper presents a set of prototype smart grid technologies and services and validates the economic viability of the proposed solution using cost–benefit analysis (CBA). The study considered the EU-funded project called RESOLVD and implemented the technologies and services in a real-life pilot. the technologies and services on the EU-funded H2020. The paper focuses on the analysis of technological solutions which enhance the operational efficiency and the hosting capacity of low-voltage electricity distribution grids. The solutions provided better integration of a hybrid battery storage system, with the grid interfacing power electronics, smart gateways for the interconnection of assets at the grid edge, and sensors enhancing infrastructure observability and control. The result from the CBA indicates the economic viability of the project, high scalability, and replicability. The economic benefits were realized with the breakeven value of eight secondary substations (SS) and 16 feeders. The scenario test on the DSO’s willingness to pay for the software as a service (SaaS) revealed that the payback period can further be reduced by almost half with a higher internal rate of return (IRR) and net present value (NPV). Both the CBA and scenario tests showed RESOLVD solution can become more economically viable when deployed in largescale. Moreover, the CBA results provide evidence to the energy policy by allowing DSOs to consider both CAPEX and OPEX for better investment decisions. Further, the paper proposes an alternative business approach that shifts from grid reinforcement to service provision. The paper also discusses the research implications on energy policy and business.
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