Biosynthesis of nanoparticles using plant extract is an eco- friendly approach which eliminates the need for using physical and chemical techniques. Nanoparticle use in medical field specially anti-diabetes and anti-cancer application has remained in recent studies owing to its large surface area to volume ratio, which imparts them the capability to interact with any kind of membrane and enzymes in a better manner. This paper presents the optimized synthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) using lemongrass and visualizing its in-vitro anti-diabetic potential. This study involves the comparative analysis of Conventionally heated (CH) and Microwave irradiated (MI) technique for the synthesis of Ag NPs from lemongrass for the first time. The crystalline nature of the nanoparticles was confirmed using X-ray diffraction assay (XRD) with average size range of 75 nm, the size, and shape of the nanoparticles were confirmed as spherical shaped using scanning electron microscope (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) demonstrated aggregate formation of size range 138 nm with mean average size of individual nanoparticle as 80 nm, elements present in the nanoparticles confirmed using elemental dispersive analysis of X-ray (EDAX) and the functional groups of plant extract responsible for nanoparticles synthesis have been confirmed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Surface morphology and the dispersity were observed by Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. The anti-diabetic potential of nanoparticle synthesized was studied using amylase activity inhibition Assay and glucose diffusion-inhibitory Assay.

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Objective: In the present study, silver (Ag) nanoparticles was synthesized by traditionally used medicinal plant Acalypha indica, which was characterized using various advanced tools, and its antioxidant as well as antimicrobial properties, was studied against food pathogens. Methods:The synthesis of silver (Ag) nanoparticles from the leaf extracts were monitored with the characterization of silver nanoparticles with the help of UV-visible spectrophotometer. The optimized time for the synthesis of nanoparticles was 3 h, followed by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), surface emission microscopy analysis (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy analysis (EDX). The antioxidant activity was evaluated by using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and reducing power assay, while antifungal activity was performed against food pathogens by measuring the zone of inhibition values (ZOI). Results:The Ag nanoparticle produced, have an average particle size of 34 nm with a spherical shape, analyzed from the XRD studies, and size was confirmed with the SEM and TEM analysis. The FTIR analysis gave information about the possible compounds adsorbed on the surface of the Ag nanoparticles. The Ag nanoparticles had good reducing power than the standard and the IC50 value for Ag nanoparticles was 5 mg/ml, while the standard taken had an IC50 value of nearly 6-7 mg/ml. The fungal strain A. fumigates showed ZOI of 133% at 75 µl of concentration proving that Ag nanoparticles can act effectively against this strain when compared to other strains even at low concentrations. Conclusion:The produced Ag nanoparticles can be used for its therapeutic purposes and for large-scale synthesis in food industries for food preservation or packaging.

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Globally, oral cancer kills an estimated 150,000 individuals per year, with 300,000 new cases being diagnosed annually. The high incidence rate of oral cancer among the South-Asian and American populations is majorly due to overuse of tobacco, alcohol, and poor dental hygiene. Additionally, socioeconomic issues and lack of general awareness delay the primary screening of the disease. The availability of early screening techniques for oral cancer can help in carving out a niche for accurate disease prognosis and also its prevention. However, conventional diagnostic approaches and therapeutics are still far from optimal. Thus, enhancing the analytical performance of diagnostic platforms in terms of specificity and precision can help in understanding the disease progression paradigm. Fabrication of efficient nanoprobes that are sensitive, noninvasive, cost-effective, and less labor-intensive can reduce the global cancer burden. Recent advances in optical, electrochemical, and spectroscopy-based nano biosensors that employ noble and superparamagnetic nanoparticles, have been proven to be extremely efficient. Further, these sensitive nanoprobes can also be employed for predicting disease relapse after chemotherapy, when the majority of the biomarker load is eliminated. Herein, we provide the readers with a brief summary of conventional and new-age oral cancer detection techniques. A comprehensive understanding of the inherent challenges associated with conventional oral cancer detection techniques is discussed. We also elaborate on how nanoparticles have shown tremendous promise and effectiveness in radically transforming the approach toward oral cancer detection.