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The equilibrium moisture contents were determined for carrot cubes osmotically pretreated in salt, sucrose and salt plus sucrose combined solution using static method at 10, 25, 40 and 50°C over a range of relative humidities from 14% to 95%. Six isotherm equations were applied for analysing the experimental data. Modified exponential equation, is the best equation for predicting the equilibrium moisture contents (EMC) of the dehydrated carrot cubes preosmosed in salt and sucrose plus salt solution, whereas modified Hasley equation is suitable for dehydrated carrot cubes preosmosed in sucrose solution over the relative humidity range of 14-95%. The EMC of carrot cubes osmotically pretreated with salt was highest among all pretreatments, and was lowest for un-osmosed samples.

Summary 2‐14C‐acetate was infused (2 μCi/min) intravenously over a period of 4 hr into a lactating buffalo. Milk samples were collected at various intervals. The radioactivity and contents of various classes of lipids were determined in the lipids of milk fat globule membranes (MFGM), mammary cell plasma membranes (MCPM), casein micelles and low density lipoproteins (LDLP) from buttermilk and skimmilk. The lipid composition of these membranes and the incorporation of 2‐14C‐acetate into glycerides of the same showed that MCPM and MFGM are apparently similar and MCPM is the forerunner of MFGM. It was also observed that the monoglyceride pathway for triglyceride biosynthesis is of considerable significance in buffalo mammary glands. The implications of variations in the phospholipid composition of the casein micelles and LDLP are discussed. Zusammenfassung Inkorporation von 2‐14C‐Acetat in die Membranen der Büffelmilch Während 4 Stunden wurden bei einer laktierenden Büffelkuh 2‐14C‐Acetat (2 μCi/min) i. v. infundiert und in verschiedenen Intervallen Milchproben entnommen. Die Radioaktivität und der Gehalt verschiedener Lipidkomponenten wurden bestimmt in: Membran der Milchfetttröpfchen (MFGM), Plasmamembranen der Milchdrüsenzellen (MCPM), Caseinmizellen, Lipoproteine geringer Dichte (low density lipoproteins, LDLP) der Buttermilch und Magermilch. Die Lipidzusammensetzung dieser Membranen und die Inkorporation von 2‐14C‐Acetat in dieselben zeigten, daß die MCPM den MFGM ähneln und die MCPM die Vorläufer der MFGM darstellen. Es wurde im weiteren festgestellt, daß der Monoglyceridweg bei der Triglyceridbiosynthese in der Büffelmilchdrüse von wesentlicher Bedeutung ist. Die Bedeutung der Variabilität der Phospholipidzusammensetzung der Caseinmizellen und LDLP wird besprochen. Résumé Incorporation de 2‐14C‐acétate dans les membranes du lait de buffle 2‐14C‐acétate (2 μCi/min) a été infusé par voie intraveineuse durant 4 heures chez un buffle femelle en lactation et des échantillons de lait furent prévelés à différents intervalles. On a déterminé la radioactivité et le taux des différents composants lipidiques dans les lipides de la membrane lipidique des gouttelettes de lait (MFGM), des membranes des plasmocytes de la glande mammaire (MCPM), des micelles de caséine, des lipoprotéines de faible densité (LDLP), du babeurre et du petit‐lait. La composition en lipide de ces membranes et l'incorporation de 2‐14C‐acétate ont montré que MCPM ressemble à MFGM et que MCPM représente l'étape précédente de MFGM. On a établi de plus que la voie monoglycéride dans la biosynthèse des triglycérides joue un rôle important dans la glande mammaire du buffle. On discute la signification de la variabilité de la synthèse des phospholipides des micelles de caséine et de LDLP. Resumen Incorporación de acetato 2‐14C en las membranas de la leche de búfala Durante 4 horas se infundió iv. en una búfala lactante acetato 2‐14C (2 μCi/min), recogiéndose muestras de leche en varios intervalos. La radiactividad y el contenido de diversos componentes lí...

Scientific interventions have identified lignocellulosic biomass as potential raw material for various industrial processes. However toxic byproducts released during the process result in deterioration of environment to a greater extent. Microbes can utilize these wastes for production of products of commercial value like bio-fuels, protein, organic acids and xylitol. However, high production cost and astringent operating conditions have been the major bottlenecks for its commercial production. In microbes, xylose is metabolized by xylose isomerase (XI) and xylose reductase-xylitol dehydrogenase (XR-XDH) pathways, with later having ability to transform pure xylose as well as xylose rich lignocelluloses. Efforts to find hyper producer isolates for xylitol production resulted in identification of one such isolate Pseudomonas gessardii VXlt-16 (MG770460) by 16s rDNA sequencing. Statistical optimization resulted in 7.28 folds’ increase in xylitol yield with 64.76% xylose bioconversion. Conversion of xylose to xylitol even at large scale suggests the possible application of bacterial isolate for the production of this useful product at industrial scale.