Calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor (CEOT) is a rare, benign, odontogenic tumor arising from the odontogenic epithelium and accounts for approximately 1% of all odontogenic tumors. Clear cell variant of CEOT is a distinct entity and has more aggressive biological behavior and higher chances of recurrence. Here, we present a unique case of clear cell variant of CEOT involving the left side of the maxillary alveolus in a 73-year-old female patient with thorough clinical, radiological, and histological details.
Odontoma, a mixed odontogenic tumor, is considered to be a hamartoma rather than a true neoplasm. Fully developed odontomas chiefly consist of enamel, dentin, pulp and occasionally cementum. They are subdivided into compound and complex types. The compound odontoma is composed of multiple, small tooth like structures, whereas the complex type consists of a conglomerated mass of enamel and dentin, having no anatomical resemblance to a tooth. They are usually asymptomatic, slow growing but cause bony expansion, which is often discovered during routine radiography. Here, we report a case of a complex odontoma in the posterior left mandibular region in an eight year old female child.
After the first observations of life under the microscope, it took almost two centuries of research before the idea that all living things are composed of cells or their products was speculated. The development of the microscope was a requirement for the discovery of cells. In 1673, the Dutch botanist, Anton van Leeuwenhoek, reported seeing a myriad of microscopic "animalcules" in water. Over several decades, knowledge about the structure and functions of the cell has progressed tremendously due to the advancement in various techniques like next generation sequencing, and genome wide analysis. Cancers are generated from normal cells by random karyotypic rearrangements. Immortality is a common characteristic of cancers, but its origin and purpose are still unclear. Since such rearrangements disturb long-established mitosis genes, cancer karyotypes vary instinctively but are stabilized perpetually by clonal selections for autonomy. The differentiation stage of tumors is a vital aspect in the histopathological classification of solid malignancies, strongly associated with tumor behavior, as an immature tumor is more aggressive than the more differentiated counterpart. The central focus in these events is the cell that undergoes a series of morphological and biochemical changes in course of its transition from normal to a transformed tumor cell; thus acquiring typical characteristics which aids in the process of progression. In this review an attempt has been made to enlighten upon the unusual behavior of a normal cell in transition.
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