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Summary This paper presents the design of two‐degree‐of‐freedom state feedback controller (2DOFSFC) for automatic generation control problem. A recently developed new metaheuristic algorithm called whale optimization algorithm is employed to optimize the parameters of 2DOFSFC. The proposed 2DOFSFC is analyzed for a two‐area interconnected thermal power system including governor dead band nonlinearity and further extended to multiunit hydrothermal power system. The supremacy of the 2DOFSFC is established comparing with proportional‐integral, proportional‐integral‐derivative (PID), and 2DOFPID controllers optimized with different competitive algorithms for the concerned system. The sensitivity analysis of the optimal 2DOFSFC is performed with uncertainty condition made by varying bias coefficient B and regulation R parameters. Furthermore, the proposed controller is also verified against random load variations and step load perturbation at different locations of the system.

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