The advances in the arena of biomedical engineering enable us to fabricate novel biomaterials that provide a suitable platform for rapid bone regeneration. Herein, we have investigated the in vitro and in vivo osteogenic differentiation, proliferation, and bone regeneration capability of molybdenum disulfide nanosheets (MoS 2 NSs) reinforced HAP nanocomposite scaffolds. The MG-63 cells were incubated with HAP and HAP/MoS 2 NSs nanocomposite and followed for various cellular activities. The cells incubated with HAP@2 shows higher cell adhesion, cell proliferation, and alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP) in contrast to HAP. The in vivo and in vitro results of the increased ALP level confirm that HAP@2 promotes osteogenic differentiation. This improved osteogenesis was validated with upregulation of osteogenic marker viz. transcription factor, RUNX-2 (∼34 fold), collagen-1 (∼15 fold), osteopontin (∼11 fold), osteocalcin (∼20 fold), and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (∼12 fold) after 12 week postimplantation in comparison to drilled. The X-ray imaging demonstrates that HAP@2 implants promote rapid osteogenesis and bioresorbability than HAP and drilled. The outcomes of the present study provide a promising tool for the regeneration of bone deformities, without using any external growth factor.
The one-dimensional linear advection-diffusion equation is solved analytically by using the Laplace integral transform. The solute transport as well as the flow field is considered to be unsteady, both of independent patterns. The solute dispersion occurs through an inhomogeneous semi-infinite medium. Hence, velocity is considered to be an increasing function of the space variable, linearly interpolated in a finite domain in which solute dispersion behaviour is studied. Dispersion is considered to be proportional to the square of the spatial linear function. Thus, the coefficients of the advection-diffusion equation are functions of both the independent variables, but the expression for each coefficient is considered in degenerate form. These coefficients are reduced into constant coefficients with the help of a new space variable, introduced in our earlier works, and new time variables. The source of the solute is considered to be a stationary uniform point source of pulse type.
Resumo
Objetivo Avaliar o papel do tropismo facetário (TF) no prolapso discal intervertebral.
Métodos Um total de 98 pacientes com dor lombar foram incluídos no estudo. Exames de ressonância magnética foram realizados e analisados, e os ângulos das facetas direita e esquerda foram medidos na seção axial. Os pacientes sem prolapso discal nos níveis L3-L4, L4-L5 e L5-S1 atuam como controles para aqueles com prolapso nos mesmos níveis. Fez-se também uma análise estatística.
Resultados A incidência de TF no nível L3-L4 foi de 85,2% em pacientes com hérnia discal (n = 27), e de 56,3% no grupo controle, o que foi estatisticamente significativo (p = 0,008). Da mesma forma, a incidência de TF no nível L4-L5 entre casos e controles foi de 71,4% (n = 35) e 52,4%, respectivamente (p = 0,066). No nível L5-S1, a incidência foi de 66% e 51% nos caso e nos controles, respectivamente (p = 0,13).
Conclusão Encontramos associação positiva entre TF e hérnia de disco no nível L3-L4, mas nenhuma associação nos níveis L4-L5 e L5-S1.
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