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Speckle has a nature of multiplicative noise which is difficult to deal as compared to additive noise. It complicates the problem of interpretation of the image segmentation and classification. The primary goal of existing speckle filtering algorithms, which are subjective in nature is to reduce the speckle without loss of information. Various techniques have been proposed to suppress the speckle. In this paper we propose Self-Organizing Feature Map (SOFM) based polarimetric SAR speckle filter. The filter is evaluated using fully polarimetric ALOSPALSAR and Radarsat-2 data imaged over Mumbai, India. Quantitative and qualitative results revels that SOFM based approach is effective in terms of bias and speckle reduction.

Gesture recognition has the potential to be a natural and powerful tool supporting efficient and intuitive interaction between the human and the computer. The primary goal of hand gesture recognition research is to create a system which can identify specific hand gestures and use them to convey information for device control. This paper proposes a visionbased dynamic hand gesture recognition system using PCA, pruning and ANN. The system will find hand location in each frame. The hand segmentation is done using color marker for PCA. Skin color detection method is used for pruning and ANN. After connecting all these hand locations, the template is generated at the end of Segmentation. Template is used to extract the feature for training and testing purpose. The implementation uses the eigenspace which is determined by processing the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the image set. The experimental results show ANN method gives more recognition rate than PCA and pruning.

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The aim of this paper is to study the effect of speckle on wide frequency components in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images. In this study, the presence of speckle in SAR images is analysed using frequency domain techniques. SAR images consists of many features such as lines, edges, point targets, structural boundaries, homogeneous areas. In frequency domain analysis we observe these features occupy wide band of frequency spectra. In formulating the effective speckle reduction techniques, exact knowledge of noise like phenomenon on wide band of frequency spectra in SAR images is necessary. Qualitative and quantitative analysis using fourier transform helps to conclude this study.